SCOPE
• Levels of policies
• Classification of policies
• Types of policies
• Examples of public policies
Introduction
• Policies exist at different levels
• Individuals have policies based on values and interest that guide them how to act in specific
circumstances.
• Other levels include family policies, organizational policies and
government policies with the latter known as PUBLIC POLICIES.
INDIVIDUAL POLICIES
• Based on values and interests
• Example: Shopping/Buying local products = Support one’s own
community
FAMILY POLICIES
• Operates at the family level
• Examples:
• Saying grace before eating = Spirituality
• Limiting phone calls = Respect for other’s needs
ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES
• For the proper functioning of business
• Examples:
• Personnel policies such as hiring, leaves, salary, office size etc.
• Operational policies such as shift scheduling,
client complaints, inventory control etc.
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
• Also known as PUBLIC POLICIES
• Guide decisions and actions that relate to society as a whole
• Developed by the central and local
governments
CLASSIFICATION OF POLICIES
• Classified into two (Dr. Eneanya, 2010):
• Substantive
• Procedural
SUBSTANTIVE POLICIES
• Involve what government is going to do such as constructing highways,
paying welfare benefits, acquiring bombers, or prohibiting retail of liquor
• Directly allocate advantages and disadvantages,
benefits and costs, to people
PROCEDURAL POLICIES
• Entail how something is going to be done or who is going to take action
• Include laws providing for the creation of administrative agencies, determining the
matters over which they have jurisdiction, specifying the processes and techniques that
they can use in carrying out their programs, and providing for presidential,
judicial and other controls over their operations
TYPES OF POLICIES
• There are various or several types of public policies
TYPES OF POLICIES
• There are various or several types of public policies from different scholarly
work.
• For better understanding and effective communication,
we will focus on the following major types of
public policies.
DISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES
• Involve allocation of services or benefits to particular segments of the
population – individuals, groups, corporations, and communities
• Some may provide benefits to one or a few beneficiaries
• Involve using public funds to assist particular groups,
communities, or industries
DISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES
Examples:
• Education Policy
• Economic Policy
• Fiscal Policy
• Tax Policy
• Continuity and Change in Public Policy etc.
REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES
• Involve deliberate efforts by the government to shift the allocation of
wealth, income, property, or rights among broad classes or groups of the
population, such as: haves and have-nots etc.
• Difficult to enact because they involve the reallocation
of money, rights, or power
REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES
Examples:
• Social Welfare Policy
• Social Policy
• Health Care Policy
• Civil Rights Policy
• Immigration Policy
REGULATORY POLICIES
• Those which are concerned with regulation and control of activities or
behaviors
• Impose restrictions or limitations on the behavior of individuals and groups
of money, rights, or power
REGULATORY POLICIES
• May deal with control of pollution or regulation of transportation
industries
• Examples are consumer protection policies, policies
that regulate entry to businesses
REGULATORY POLICIES
Examples:
• Environmental Protection Policy
• Labor Policy
• Competitive Regulatory Policy
• Fertility Control Policy
• Criminal Justice Policy
CONSTITUENT POLICIES
• Those which are concerned with the setting-up or re- organization of
institutions
• Each of these policy issues forms a different power arena
• Create executive power entities or deal with
laws (Warioba, 2012)
Republic Act No. 7394
Known as the “Consumer Act of the Philippines”
Republic Act No. 11310
An Act Institutionalizing the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps)
Republic Act No. 6657
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
Republic Act No. 10844
An Act Creating the Department of Information and
Communications Technology
Source: D.H. Sanchawa. (2015, April 9). Public Policy: An Introduction.
[Link]
on
