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Introduction To Carbon Isotopes Allotropes

The document provides an overview of carbon, detailing its atomic properties, isotopes, and various allotropes. Carbon is essential for organic life and exists in stable forms such as Carbon-12 and Carbon-13, as well as radioactive Carbon-14. The allotropes include diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and amorphous carbon, each with distinct structures, properties, and applications.

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41 views5 pages

Introduction To Carbon Isotopes Allotropes

The document provides an overview of carbon, detailing its atomic properties, isotopes, and various allotropes. Carbon is essential for organic life and exists in stable forms such as Carbon-12 and Carbon-13, as well as radioactive Carbon-14. The allotropes include diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and amorphous carbon, each with distinct structures, properties, and applications.

Uploaded by

polypolyy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Carbon, Its

Isotopes and Allotropes


An overview of the fundamental
nature and forms of carbon
1. Introduction to Carbon (C)
• - Atomic number: 6
• - Symbol: C
• - Electronic configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p²
• - Tetravalent: Forms 4 covalent bonds
• - Basis of all organic life
• - Forms wide range of organic and inorganic
compounds
2. Isotopes of Carbon
• - Carbon-12 (¹²C): ~98.9%, stable, atomic mass
standard
• - Carbon-13 (¹³C): ~1.1%, stable, used in NMR
• - Carbon-14 (¹⁴C): Trace, radioactive, used in
radiocarbon dating
3. Allotropes of Carbon
• - Diamond: Hard, transparent, non-conductive
• - Graphite: Soft, black, conductive
• - Graphene: 2D sheet, ultra-strong, conductive
• - Fullerenes (C60): Hollow spheres, nanotech
use
• - Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Cylindrical,
strong, used in electronics
• - Amorphous Carbon: Irregular structure (e.g.,
charcoal, soot)
Summary: Carbon Allotropes Comparison

Allotrope Hybridization Structure Properties Applications


Diamond sp³ 3D rigid Hard, insulating Tools, optics
Graphite sp² 2D layered Soft, Batteries,
conductive pencils
Graphene sp² 2D single layer Strong, Electronics,
conductive composites
Fullerenes sp² Hollow sphere Stable, reactive Nanotech,
medicine
CNTs sp² Cylindrical Strong, Electronics,
conductive aerospace
Amorphous Mixed Irregular Varies Inks, pigments
Carbon

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