GENDER

DISCRIMINATI
ON AND
INEQUALITIES
TOPIC 5
 Explain what is Machismo vs Marianismo

01 mentality

02
What is Misogyny and Misandry

What is Gender inequality(or gender

03
discrimination) at home, in school, in your
peer group

04
Gender crimes

What can we do to stop and counter gender

05 discrimination and inequalities

01
Machismo vs
Mariasmo
MENTALITY
 MACHISMO

Machismo is the feeling of being "manly" and self-

sufficient, and it is associated with "a strong sense
of masculine pride: an exaggerated masculinity."
Machismo is a term from the early 1930s and 1940s
that means "pride in one's masculinity."
 MARIANISMO

Marianismo is the supposed ideal of true femininity

to which women are expected to aspire—i.e. being
modest, virtuous, and sexually abstinent until
marriage—and then being faithful and submissive to
their husbands.
MACHISMO VS
MARIANISMO
Machismo and Marianismo are cultural ideals
that have historically shaped gender roles in
Latin American societies. Machismo, rooted in
the notion of extreme masculinity, portrays
men as dominant, aggressive, and providers
for their families, often stifling emotional
expression. Conversely, Marianismo, inspired
by the Virgin Mary, idealizes women as pure,
self-sacrificing, and submissive to men,
constraining their autonomy. However, it's
important to note that not all individuals or
communities adhere strictly to these ideals,
and many are moving towards more
egalitarian views on gender roles. These
concepts have faced criticism for perpetuating
gender inequality and unrealistic
expectations, but as societies evolve, there is
a growing awareness of the need for gender
equality and diversity in gender identities and
02
Misogyny and
Misandry
 MISOGYNY
Misogyny is a term used to describe a strong and unjustifiable
dislike, prejudice, or hostility directed specifically at women or girls
due to their gender. It encompasses a wide spectrum of attitudes
and actions, both subtle and blatant, which may manifest as unfair
treatment, objectification, demeaning language, or physical violence
targeted at women. Misogyny can take various forms and is
detrimental as it perpetuates gender inequality and can severely
impact the well-being of women, hindering their full participation in
society. Efforts to combat misogyny typically center around
advocating for gender equality, challenging harmful stereotypes,
and promoting women's rights and empowerment.
 MISANDRY
Misandry is a term used to describe a strong and unwarranted hatred, bias, or
disdain specifically aimed at men or boys because of their gender. It is the
opposite of misogyny, which targets women. Similar to misogyny, misandry
encompasses a variety of attitudes and actions, ranging from subtle to overt,
that can result in discrimination, negative stereotypes, unequal treatment, or
even animosity directed towards males. It's important to note that while
misandry can exist, it is generally less prevalent and less institutionalized than
misogyny, which historically has had a more pervasive and damaging impact
on women due to systemic and societal power imbalances. Efforts to promote
gender equality typically aim to address both misogyny and misandry while
advocating for fair treatment and respect for all individuals, regardless of their
gender.
03Gender
Inequality
 Gender Inequality at Home:
Gender inequality persists in households due to the continuation of traditional
gender roles, where women are typically expected to manage domestic chores
while men are seen as the primary earners. This leads to an uneven distribution of
responsibilities and decision-making power. Additionally, gender-based violence
- can stem from these inequalities, with women disproportionately affected.

- Gender Inequality in Schools:

Within the education system, gender inequality is evident in disparities in access
to quality education and academic achievement based on gender. Gender
stereotypes further limit students' choices and contribute to inequality. Bullying
and harassment based on gender also affect students in schools.

Gender Inequality in Queer or LGBTQ+ Groups:

Gender inequality can persist within LGBTQ+ communities, particularly at the
intersection of gender and other forms of discrimination. Some LGBTQ+ spaces
may prioritize certain groups over others, leading to the marginalization and
invisibility of transgender and non-binary individuals and people of color. Unequal
representation in leadership positions within queer organizations further
reinforces these disparities. Addressing these issues requires promoting
awareness, education, and a commitment to challenging traditional gender norms
while striving for inclusivity and equal opportunities for all genders.
04
Gender
Crimes
 1. Hate Crimes: Crimes motivated by prejudice or hatred against an individual's
gender identity, expression, or perceived gender.
NEWS 2. Sexual Assault and Harassment: Offenses such as sexual assault, rape, and
harassment that often target individuals based on their gender, with women and
non-binary individuals disproportionately affected.

3. Domestic Violence: Abuse, whether physical, emotional, or psychological,

within intimate relationships, frequently experienced by women.

4. Human Trafficking: Exploitation of individuals, often women and girls, for

various purposes, including sexual exploitation.

5. Discrimination in Employment and Housing: Unequal treatment, pay

disparities, and housing discrimination based on an individual's gender.
Stop and
Counter
05
● Education and Awareness:
○ Raise awareness about gender biases and promote education on gender-related issues, starting at
an early age.
○ Encourage individuals to critically examine media portrayals and societal norms linked to gender.
● Legislation and Policy:
○ Advocate for and endorse laws that champion gender equality, prohibit discrimination, and ensure
equal pay for equal work.
○ Enact policies that foster diversity and inclusivity in various settings, such as workplaces, schools,
and public institutions.
● Workplace Equality:
○ Ensure equal opportunities and pay regardless of gender within workplaces.
○ Introduce family-friendly policies, including parental leave and flexible work arrangements, to help
individuals balance work and family responsibilities.
● Representation and Leadership:
○ Promote diverse representation in leadership roles and decision-making positions.
○ Provide support for women and underrepresented genders to pursue careers in fields traditionally
dominated by men, like STEM and politics.
● Empowerment and Education:
○ Grant access to quality education, healthcare, and economic opportunities for women and
marginalized genders.
○ Foster financial literacy and encourage entrepreneurship among these communities.
● Challenging Stereotypes:
○ Urge media outlets to depict a wider range of gender identities and roles.
○ Confront and question stereotypes that perpetuate harmful gender norms.
● Supportive Communities:
○ Create safe havens and networks of support for individuals facing gender-based discrimination.
○ Foster allyship and solidarity among all genders in the quest for gender equality.
● Engagement of Men and Boys:
○ Involve males, including boys, in conversations and initiatives aimed at combatting gender
discrimination and promoting positive masculinity.
○ Encourage male allies to serve as positive role models.
● Reporting and Accountability:
○ Establish transparent reporting systems for incidents of gender-based discrimination and
harassment.
○ Hold individuals and institutions responsible for discriminatory actions.
● Intersectionality:
○ Acknowledge that gender inequality often intersects with other forms of bias, including race,
socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation.
○ Implement inclusive and intersectional approaches to tackle inequality.
● Global Collaborations:
○ Partner with international organizations and global campaigns dedicated to advancing gender
equality, such as UN Women and HeForShe.
● Advocacy and Activism:
○ Back and engage in advocacy and activism efforts focused on addressing gender discrimination and
championing equality.

It's important to recognize that achieving gender equality is an ongoing journey that requires dedication
from individuals, communities, and governments. Progress may be gradual, but persistent efforts can
lead to positive transformations and a fairer society for all genders.