CLAUSES
PRESENTERS: SABA BASHEER AND SABA SAEEDA
WHAT IS A CLAUSE?
• Clause is a group of words that contains subject and verb and gives us a complete sense.
• It can be used as a complete sentence or as part of sentence.
• Unlike phrase, clause can make complete sense even when present outside the sentence.
Examples:
1. The guests arrived
2. He went to school
FEATURES OF CLAUSES
• A clause is composed of minimum of a subject and predicate. Without one of these elements, the clause is
ungrammatical.
• The relationship between subject and verb is crucial because a clause conveys information about what the
subject is and what it is doing. Subject usually answers the question who/what is the sentence about?
The lion roared
The lion was hunted
• A sentence can have just one clause or it can have more than one.
• When it comes to expressing a complete thought, a clause falls between a phrase and a sentence. But in many
cases, a clause can function as its own sentence.
Meows so loudly.
That cat meows so loudly.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHRASE AND
CLAUSE
A phrase is a group of words without a subject-verb unit.
on the wall, The great man
• A clause is a group of words with a subject-verb unit.
Sara is playing
An easy way of remembering the difference between a phrase and a clause is that a phrase does not
make complete sense on its own and requires the help of other words to make it a complete sentence.
In the field
He is playing in the field
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE OR MAIN CLAUSE
• A clause can sometimes act as a sentence – This type of clause is known as independent clause.
• The main clause is that part of a sentence that not only contains the subject and predicate but also
makes complete sense.
• This clause does not need a context to make sense.
China is growing at a very fast rate
The dog barked at him
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
• It also contains a subject and a verb.
• But it doesnot deliver complete idea or sense by itself .
• It depends upon Independent or main clause to convey complete thought .
• Example :Where ever you like
• S V
• This sentence has a subject and verb , it also contains meaning but it's incomplete.
• But when we add independent clause to it makes complete sense.
• Example:
• You may sit + where ever you like .
• Independent dependent
• There entire thought is complete with one Independent clause and one dependent clause.
TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSE
• Dependent clauses are mainly divided into three types :
• Noun clause
• Adjective clause
• Adverbial clause
ADJECTIVE CALUSE
• It is also group of words which contain subject and verb of its own .
• It acts as adjective in sentence , as an adjective does the job of describing noun so does the adjective
clause
• For example:
• The robber who broke into my house is in court today.
•
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
• It is the combination of words that have subject and verb of its own.
• It act as adverb in sentence .
• As an adverb modifies verb , adjective and other adverbs in sentence so does the Adverbial clause.
• The rabbit hopped very high.
• S V
• Verb “hopped” + modifier “very high”
TYPES OF SENTENCES
• Compound sentence:
• Is basically made up of two independent clause joined by a comma or connecting word such as or ,
but , and etc .
• They tie together similar ideas.
• They donot depend upon each other . This means each sentence has its own subject and predicte and
express complete concept and thought.
• Example:
• I like swimming but my brother hates swimming.
• S V S V
• These are two individual sentences which can stand alone .
COMPLEX SENTENCE
• Is made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clause linked by subordinate
conjuctions .
• Some of most common subordinate conjuction are :
• Since , although, if , until, unless, as , after , when etc .
• Example :
• People vist Paris because its so beautiful .
• independent dependent
• When I was 8 , my family visited .
• Dependent Independent
