Drilling Systems
Prepared by
Abdulkhaber
Sepan
Fatma
Ahmed
Nazeer
Tabarak Supervised by
Noor Mrs:rezdar daneshvar
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List of content
Slide number
[Link] system 3-14
[Link] system 15-21
[Link] system 22-49
[Link] system 50
[Link] control system 51-60
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Introduction
While there are different types of drilling rigs, these rigs obviously
share many similarities since the tasks that they perform are identical.
In particular, all modern hydrocarbon rotary rigs contain five main
systems. These systems are:
the Power System
the Hoisting System
the Rotary System
the Circulation System
the Well Control System (Blowout Prevention System)
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1. Hoisting System
The hoisting system is a large pulley system which is used to lower and raise
equipment into and out of the well. In particular, the hoisting system is used to
raise and lower the drill-string and casing into and out of the well.
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Hoisting System Consist of the following:
1. Mast or Derrick
2. Drawworks
3. Crown Block
4. Traveling Block
5. Deadline Anchor
6. Supply Reel
7. Drilling Line
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Derrick
The derrick is an open-framework structure of steel beams, whose function
is to hold the ensemble of sheaves at its top, known as the crown block, on
which all of the items of equipment operated in the well or on the drilling
floor are suspended.
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Drawworks
The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a winch that
spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the
drill string.
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Crown Block
An assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the derrick/mast
and over which the drilling line is reeved.
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Traveling block
The set of sheaves that move up and down in
the derrick. The wire rope threaded through
them is threaded (or "reeved") back to the
stationary crown blocks located on the top of
the derrick. This pulley system gives great
mechanical advantage to the action of the wire
rope drilling line, enabling heavy loads (drill
string, casing and liners) to be lifted out of or
lowered in Travelling Blocks come in a broad
range of sizes and models to meet any rating
or specific application. Designs for direct-
couple to top drives and motion compensating
draw works have been developed in order to
enhance performance and operability.
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Deadline anchor
deadline anchor is used to tie down the drill line
and measure the load suspended from the top
drive (i.e., hook load). The wire drum attached
to the anchor is designed to rotate during a slip-
and-cut procedure. The reliability of our
deadline anchor is important to a vessel's
operational safety. Engineered and
manufactured to meet the demands and rigors
of tough offshore installations, the deadline
anchor complies with all relevant standards,
reduces wear on the deadline, and facilitates
safe drilling line procedures.
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Supply reel
A spool that stores the unused portion of the Drilling Line. You can see it
in the figure below.
Supply reel fig() 11
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Drilling line
A wire rope hoisting line, reeved on
sheaves of the crown block and traveling
block (in effect a block and tackle). Its
primary purpose is to hoist or lower drill
pipe or casing from or into a well. Also, a
wire rope used to support the drilling tools
and also you can say that it is An
equipment that holds down the deadline
part of the wire rope. It is usually bolted on
to the substructure.
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Types of Wire Rope Lay
Right Lang lay
Left Lang lay
Right regular lay
Left regular lay
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Type of Wire Rope Construction
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2. Rotary System
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Swivel
It is designed to allow rotation of the drillstring beneath
it conveying high volumes of high-pressure
drilling mud between the rig's circulation system and the drillstring.
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Kelly spinner
The Kelly Spinner is used for driving the Kelly stem by air or hydraulic
motor, and matching to the clamp of the mouse hole to making up with
the single automatically, during the drilling operation. It has the
advantages of safety, high efficiency and manpower reduction.
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kelly
Kelly is used to transmit rotary motion from the rotary table or Kelly bushing to the
drillstring, while allowing the drillstring to be lowered or raised during rotation.
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Kelly Bushing
Kelly Bushing Is a drilling device that is used to connect a Kelly with a
rotary table. This tool is used to fit inside the head where the Kelly fits.
The Kelly driver is used to rotate the Kelly
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Master bushing
Master bushing is a device that fits into the rotary table to accommodate
the slips and drive the Kelly bushing which define as a drilling device
that is used to connect a kelly with a rotary table. so that the rotating
motion of the rotary table can be transmitted to the Kelly.
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Rotary table
A rotary table is a mechanical device on a drilling rig that provides
clockwise rotational force to the drill string to facilitate the process of
drilling a borehole.
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[Link] circulation system
The circulation system on the rig is the system
that allows for circulation of the Drilling Fluid or
Mud down through the hollow drill string and up
through the annular
drilling fluid, in petroleum engineering, a heavy,
viscous fluid mixture that is used in oil and gas
drilling operations to carry rock cuttings to the
surface and also to lubricate and cool the drill bit.
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Mud tank
Mud tanks play an important role in a
solids control system. It is the base of
solids control equipment, and also the
carrier of drilling fluids.
The number of the mud tanks that are
needed on the drilling rig depends on
the depth of the well, and also the mud
demands of drilling.
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the mud pit is usually a series of large
steel tanks, all interconnected and
fitted with mud agitators to maintain
solids in suspension .
some pits are used for circulating (i.e.
suction pit) and others for mixing and
storing fresh mud.
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Mud storage tank
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Mud pump
A large, high pressure reciprocating
pump used to circulated the mud on a
drilling rig.
Mud pump can be divided into single-
acting pump and double acting pump
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Mud pumps
Mud pump is designed to circulate
drilling fluid under high pressure 7500 psi
(52000 kpa) down the
Drill string and back up the annulus.
duplex and Triplex pumps are positive
displacement pumps which are commonly
used in the oilfield.
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The following diagrams demonstrate how duplex mud pumps work
When the piston rod is moved
forward, one of intake valves is
lift to allow fluid to come in and
one of the discharge valve is
pushed up therefore the drilling
mud is pumped out of the pump
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diagram demonstrate how duplex mud pumps work
On the other hand, when
the piston rod is moved
backward drilling fluid is
still pumped. The other
intake and discharge valve
will be opened
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Stand pipe
The vertical pipe rising along the
side of the Derrick or Mast,
Which joins mud pump manifold
to the rotary hose.
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Rotary hose
A high- pressure flexible line used to
connect the standpipe to the swivel .
This flexible piping arrangement
permits the Kelly (drill string, bit)
to be raised or lowered while drilling
fluid is pumped through the
drill string.
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Drill string
The drillstring means the tubulars and the accessories used to run the
drill bit to the bottom. The drill string is composed of drill pipe,
heavy weight drill pipe, drill collars and other components like
stabilizers and drilling jars.
To understand more about the drill string we will have to go through
two subjects :
* Drill string Components
* Drill String Design
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Components falls under there main topics:
• Bottom Hole Assembly
• Transition pipe, which is often heavy weight drill pipe (HWDP)
• Drill Pipe
• There are many factors that must be considered in the design of the
drill string such as:
• Total depth
• Hole size
• Mud weight
• Over pull
• Bottom Hole Assembly
• Hole angle 35
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Annulus
The annulus of an oil well or water well is any void between any
piping, tubing or casing and the piping, tubing, or casing immediately
surrounding it.
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Mud return line
A trough or pipe that is placed between the surface connections at the wellbore
and the shale shaker and through which drilling mud flows on its return
to the surface from the hole. Also called flow line.
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Mud gas separator
Mud Gas Separator is commonly called a gas-buster or poor boy
degasser. It captures and separates the large volumes of free gas within
the drilling fluid. If there is a "kick" situation, this vessel separates the
mud and the gas by allowing it to flow over baffle plates.
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Shale Shakers
• Efficiently remove solids and maintain reliability the “first line of
defense”
• Removing large solids from drilling fluids is critical to maintaining
acceptable fluids properties.
• They are considered to be the first phase of a solids control system on a
drilling rig, they are used to remove large solids also called cuttings from
the drilling fluid, more commonly called "Mud" due to its similar
appearance
• For both environmental reasons and to reduce the cost of drilling
operations, drilling fluid losses are minimized by stripping them away
from the drilled cuttings before the cuttings are disposed of.
• The shale shaker is used to separate big solids with diameter above 75μm,
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Shale Shaker
Screens
• Basically, a screen acts as a guard
• Screening surfaces used in solids control equipment are
generally made of multilayered woven wire screen cloth.
The screening surfaces are considered the center of the
shaker; therefore, the quality of the shaker is thus defined
by the quality of screens it utilizes.
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Degasser
• A degasser is equipment used to remove entrained gas in drilling
fluid
• Mounted over the active pit, degassers are essentially a one-stage
liquid/gas separator.
• By the pump, the vacuum is then applied to the vapor space.
• Ultimately, the range applied by the vacuum will depend on the
density of the mud passing through. In most cases, it will offer
between 2-5 pounds per square inch.
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• The drilling mud is diverted through a degasser to remove and
sample any gases brought to the surface. The degasser removes
nearly all gases from the drilling fluid and vents them into the
atmosphere at a safe distance from the drilling rig.
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Forced Settling by Centrifugal
Devices
• Desanders and desilters are hydrocyclones and work on
the principle of separating solids from a liquid by
creating centrifugal forces inside the hydrocyclone.
• Hydrocyclones are simple devices with no internal
moving parts and they are classified according to the
removed particle size as:
• - desanders (cut point in the 40-45um size range)
• - desilters (cut point in the 10-20um size range).
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Desander
• Normally the solids diameter for desander to be separated would be
45~74μm, and 15~44μm for desilter.
• The desander should be located downstream of the shale shakers and
degassers, but before the desilters or mud cleaners.
• As the mud flows around and gradually down the inside of the cone
shape, solids are separated from the liquid by centrifugal forces.
• the desander use less cones than desilter (ex. 4 cones).
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Desilter
• All those solids that are not removed by a shale shaker are removed
by a desander. Further the smaller size of granules lesser than 20
microns are removed by the desilter using the same procedure of
desander.
• The usual size of a desilter is 6 inches and above, however, the most
common size is 10 inches.
• Both desilters and desanders, which filter out material 40-50
microns in size, are installed above a mud tank.
• the desilter is a set of eight to twelve 4in or 5in hydrocyclones.
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[Link] system
The power system on a drilling rig usually consists of a prime mover as
the source of raw power and some means to transmit the raw power to
the end-use equipment. The prime movers used in the current drilling
industry are diesel engines. Steam boilers are rarely used in present
operations due to the difficulty in transporting the boilers and the fact
that greater widespread knowledge of diesel units exists among
crewmen.
Raw power is transmitted via one of the following systems:
• mechanical drive
• direct current (DC) generator and motor
• alternating current (AC), silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), direct
current (DC) motor
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[Link] Control System
Well Control is a technique used to control and manage the
harmful effects of unexpected release of natural gas or crude oil
pressure on the equipment, as well released into the
atmosphere. During the drilling process, this technique prevents
the flow of formation fluid into the wellbore. If the pressure
effects are not controlled or managed properly, they can
damage the equipment, or cause serious injuries and even lead
to death.
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Well Control component consist of the following:
Annular blowout preventer
Ram blowout preventer
Diverter
Drilling spools
Manifold, valves and sensors
Accumulator
Inside BOP
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Annular blowout preventer
• Annular preventers sometimes called bag-type preventers, stop flow from
the well using a ring of synthetic rubber that contracts around the pipe,
preventing fluid passage and sealing the annulus.
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Drilling spools
• Space between ram preventers used for stripping operations is provided by a
drilling spool. Drilling spools also are used to permit attachment of high-
pressure flowlines to a given point in the stack.
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Thanks For Listening
It is our responsibility to pray for a peaceful world
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