CONIC SECTIONS
ROLLY A. DEVIS
OBJECTIVES
1. illustrate the different types of conic
sections: parabola, ellipse, circle,
hyperbola, and degenerate cases*** ;
2. define conic section;
3. define focus, directrix, principal axis,
vertex, and eccentricity.
OBJECTIVES
4. define circle;
5. derive the equation of a circle
whose center is at point (0, 0)
and point (h, k).
6. determine the standard form
and general form of the
equation of a circle
OBJECTIVES
7. graph a circle in a rectangular
coordinate system;
8. determine the center and
radius of a circle;
9. solve situational problems
involving circles.
INTRODUCTION
THE CONIC SECTIONS
CIRCLE
PARABOLA
ELLIPSE
HYPERBOLA
THE CONIC SECTIONS
A conic sections or
simply conics according
to Apolllonius’ study is a
curve formed by the
intersection of a plane
and a double right
circular cone.
THE CONIC SECTIONS
A conic is set of points
whose distance from a
fixed point is in constant
ratio to their distance
from a fixed line that is
not passing through the
fixed point.
DOUBLE RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE
AXIS
VERTEX
GENERATORS
THE CONIC SECTIONS
Cut the double right
circular cone parallel to
one and only one
generator to form a
curve. PARABOLA
THE CONIC SECTIONS
Cut the double right
circular cone not parallel
to any generator but is
perpendicular to the
axis to form a curve.
CIRCLE
THE CONIC SECTIONS
Cut the double right
circular cone not parallel
to any generator to form
a curve. ELLIPSE
THE CONIC SECTIONS
Cut the double right
circular cone parallel to
two generators to form
a curve. HYPERBOLA
THE DEGENERATE CONICS
POINT LINE INTERSECTING LINE
CIRCLE: DEFINITION
It is a set of all coplanar
points such that the
distance from a fixed
point called center is
constant.
STANDARD EQUATION OF A CIRCLE
CENTERED AT ORIGIN
2 2 2
x + y =r
CENTERED AT (h, k)
2 2 2
( x − h ) + ( y − k ) =r
GENERAL EQUATION
2 2
x + y + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸=0
EXAMPLE A: STANDARD EQUATION OF CIRCLES
In each item, give the standard
equation of the circle satisfying
the given conditions.
1. center at the origin, radius 4.
2. center (-2, 7), radius 4.
3. center (-4, 3), radius .
EXAMPLE A: STANDARD EQUATION OF CIRCLES
In each item, give the
standard equation of the
circle satisfying
the given conditions.
4. circle A in figure 1.9
5. circle B in figure 1.9
EXAMPLE A: STANDARD EQUATION OF CIRCLES
6. center (5, -6), tangent to
the y-axis
7. center (5, -6), tangent to
the x-axis
8. has a diameter with
endpoints A(-1, 4) and
B(4, 2).
EXAMPLE B: GRAPH OF A CIRCLE
Identify the center and radius of each
circle. Sketch its graph, and indicate
the center.
1.
2.
3.
EXAMPLE C: PROBLEMS INVOLVING CIRCLES
1. A street with two lanes, each
10 ft wide, goes through a
semicircular tunnel with
radius 12 ft. How high is the
tunnel at the edge of each
lane? Round off to 2 decimal
places.
EXAMPLE C: PROBLEMS INVOLVING CIRCLES
2. A piece of a broken plate was dug up
in an archaeological site. It was put
on top of a grid, as shown in Figure
1.16, with the arc of the plate
passing through A(−7, 0), B(1, 4) and
C(7, 2). Find its center, and the
standard equation of the circle
describing the boundary of the plate.
