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Lesson4.3+Multi Qubits+II

The document covers advanced topics in quantum computing, focusing on multi-qubit states and the computation of tensor products. It includes exercises for building quantum states using the IBM Composer and emphasizes the application of single-qubit gates to multiple qubits. Key concepts such as Bra-Ket notation, computational basis states, and the Born Rule are also discussed.

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13 views15 pages

Lesson4.3+Multi Qubits+II

The document covers advanced topics in quantum computing, focusing on multi-qubit states and the computation of tensor products. It includes exercises for building quantum states using the IBM Composer and emphasizes the application of single-qubit gates to multiple qubits. Key concepts such as Bra-Ket notation, computational basis states, and the Born Rule are also discussed.

Uploaded by

josephsuess24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Quantum Computing FRI Stream

Harnessing Quantum Physics for Computation

Multi-Qubit States
Part II
Beyond Two Qubits
After today’s lecture, you should be able to
• Compute the tensor product of two matrices
• Apply single-qubit gates to multiple qubits and predict the outcome
• Find a sequence of single-qubit gate to construct a given separable
multi-qubit quantum state

2
Recall: We can use a 2-qubit basis

1-r2
r2

3
Kronecker Tensor Products

Tensor products of qubit basis states can generate an orthonormal basis.


4
Matrix Tensor Products*
Recall: we can use matrices to represent operators on multiple qubits.

(
𝐀 𝟏𝟏 𝐁
𝐀 ⊗ 𝐁 = ¿𝐀 𝟐𝟏 𝐁
𝐀 𝟏𝟐 𝐁
𝐀 𝟐𝟐 𝐁 )

* Also called Kronecker products.


5
Bra-Ket Notation - Examples

Two-qubit ket

Two-qubit bra

Two-qubit state

Another two-qubit state

Inner product

6
Three Qubits and Beyond

7
Warm-Up
Compute the following for a two-qubit system:

𝐇 𝟎=𝐈 ⊗ 𝐇 =¿

𝐇𝟏 =𝐇 ⊗ 𝐈 =¿

𝐇𝟏 𝐇𝟎= 𝐇 ⊗ 𝐇=¿

8
Preparing Computational Basis
States

9
Decimal Notation for
Computational Basis
One qubit Two qubits Three qubits n qubits

with
Notice the binary!

10
General Multi-qubit States

𝑁 −1
|𝜓 ⟩ =𝛼 0|0 ⟩ +𝛼 1|1 ⟩ +⋯+𝛼 𝑁 − 1|𝑁 − 1 ⟩ = ∑ 𝛼 𝑥∨𝑥 ⟩
𝑥=0

⟨ 𝑥|𝜓 ⟩ =𝛼 0 ⟨ 𝑥|0 ⟩ +𝛼 1 ⟨ 𝑥|1 ⟩ +⋯ 𝛼 𝑥 ⟨ 𝑥|𝑥 ⟩ +⋯ +𝛼 𝑁 − 1 ⟨ 𝑥|𝑁 − 1 ⟩

𝑁 −1

∑ |𝛼 𝑥| =1
2 2
2
Pr [ 𝑥 ] =|⟨ 𝑥∨𝜓 ⟩| =|𝛼𝑥| (Born Rule)
𝑥=0

11
Multi-qubit Hadamards

12
Exercises – Construct the Circuits
1. Use the IBM Composer to build the following quantum state:

Compute the quantum state.

2. Use the IBM Composer to build the following quantum state:

13
Exercises – Construct the Circuits
3. Use the IBM Composer to build the following quantum state:

Compute the quantum state.

4. Use the IBM Composer to build the following quantum state:

14
Something to Ponder…

What gate operations on the IBM Composer would build the following quantum state?

15

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