TRIAC
INTRODUCTION
• TRIAC (Triode for alternating current)
• Triac is a high speed solid state device.
• Bidirectional
• 4 layer
• Three Terminal electronic component
that conducts current in either direction
when triggered.
• It can switch & control AC power in
both directions.
SYMBOL
• Three terminals MT1, G(GATE), MT2
CONSTRUCTI
ON
• 3 Terminal
• 6 Doped Region (P1, P2 & N1, N2, N3, N4)
• All terminals makes Ohmic Contacts with both P and N
materials.
• MT2 is connected with N4 and P1.
• MT1 is connected N2 and P2.
• G is connected with N3 and P2.
OPERATION
• 4 Mode of Operation.
• Quadrant 1 is the most sensitive (least gate current required).
• Quadrant 4 is the least sensitive (most gate current required).
WORKING
CASE 1 :
• MT2(+) and G(+) terminal remain positive with respect to
MT1(-).
• Direction of current MT2 to MT1 (high to low).
• P1 and N1 FORWARD BIAS.
• N1 and P2 REVERSE BIAS.
• P2 and N2 FORWARD BIAS.
• Gate terminal start giving voltage then reverse bias break.
• Current flows MT2 to MT1 through( P1-N1-P2-N2).
WORKING
CASE 2 :
• MT2(+) wrt MT1(-) and G(-) wrt MT1(-).
• Current flow trough MT2 to MT1.
• N1 and P2 REVERSE BIAS.
• P1-N1 and P2-N2 both are in FORWARD BIAS.
• So from both junction current will flow easily but
current will flow not flow from N1-P2.
• So in this condition we flow the current from P2-
N3(cause they are in forward bias).
• Current flows P2-N3 then electrons flow from N3-P2
and N1-P1.
• So as we know electron flows opposite direction
of current.
• Electrons flow from MT1 to MT2 then current
flow from MT2 to MT1(P1-N1-P2-N2).
WORKING
CASE 3 :
• MT1(+) wrt MT2(-) and G(-) wrt MT1(+).
• Current will flow from MT1 to MT2 (cause
MT1 is at higher potential).
• P1-N4 and N1 -P2 is FORWARD BIAS.
• P1-N1 and P2- N2 is REVERSE BIAS.
• Current from MT1 doesn’t flow from doesn’t
flow from N2 it directly flows in P2 cause
MT1 is connected to N2 and P2 both.
• Current flows trough(P2-N1-P1-N4)
WORKING
CASE 4 :
• MT2(-) wrt MT1(+) and G(+) wrt MT1(+).
• Current flows from MT1 and MT2(cause
MT1 is at higher potential).
• (Higher potential to lower potential).
• P1-N4 and N1 -P2 is FORWARD BIAS.
• P1 and N1 is REVERSE BIAS.
• Current flow through the path(P2-N1-P1-
N4).
I-V
CHARACTERISTICS
• 3 STATES
• Blocking state(OFF STATE)
• Transition state(UNSTABLE STATE)
• Conduction state(ON STATE)
• Ig2> Ig1
ADVANTAGES
• Bidirectional device, so we can control the
power delivered to load in both half cycles of
AC supply.
• Equivalent to two SCRS connected back to
back.
• Turn it on by using positive as well as
negative gate current.
• More economical than SCRs.
• Use single heat sink for the complete
package.
DISADVANTAGE
• Not use it as controlled rectifier.
• Switching delay is higher than SCR.
• Not applicable for DC circuit.
• Triggering circuits need to be designed more
carefully.
• It is suitable for resistive load only. Not
suitable for controlling power to highly
inductive loads.
APPLICATIONS
• As a STATIC SWTICH
• LAMP DIMMER
• FAN SPEED REGULATOR
• TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER
• FLASER CIRCUIT
• IN AC VOLATGE STBILIZER.
• SPEED CONTROL OF ELECTRIC MOTORS.
THANK YOU
SAKSHI BHARTI AND PAYAL
