Z-TEST FOR TWO SAMPLE
MEANS AND
Z-TEST FOR ONE SAMPLE
GROUP
Submitted by:
Group Leader: Dometita, Jezra (MAM-PA)
Documenter: Doma, Carmela Diane B.(MAM-AS)
Group Monitor: Estrelon, Sherina Jeselle R. (MAM-PA)
Active Members: Clamar, Alyssa Jane A. (MAM-PA)
Cosa, Derhen Z. (MAED-FIL)
Elma, Daisy F. (MAT-TE FSM)
Submitted to:
Mr. MICHAEL G. DOMANAIS
Professor
1. What is the definition of each test?
The z-Test: Two- Sample for Means tool runs a two sample z-Test means with
known variances to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the
means of two independent populations. This tool can be used to run a one-sided or
two-sided test z-test.
The One-Sample z-test is used when we want to know whether the difference
between the mean of a sample mean and the mean of a population is large enough
to be statistically significant, that is, if it is unlikely to have occurred by chance. The
test is considered robust for violations of normal distribution and it is usually applied
to relatively large samples (N > 30) or when the population variance is known,
otherwise you might consider using t-test. A one sample z-test is used to test whether
the mean of a population is less than, greater than, or equal to some specific value.
This test assumes that the population standard deviation is known.
Is it a parametric or non-parametric test?
The Z-test is a parametric test to determine if the means of two data sets differ from
each other and is applied when the standard deviation is known.
A z-test is used if the population variance is known, or if the sample size is larger
than 30.
Two-sample z-tests are popular parametric tests in statistics. These methods are
widely used when it comes to inferential statistics and enable to test a general
hypothesis called the null hypothesis.
2. When do we use this test? What are the assumptions to be met?
The Z-test for two sample means and the Z-test for one sample group are
statistical tests used to make inferences about population means based
on sample data.
Z-Test for Two Sample Means:
I. When to use
Purpose: This test is used when you want to compare the means of two
independent groups to determine if there is a significant difference
between them.
Example: Comparing the average scores of two different groups in an
experiment.
II. Assumptions:
Random Sampling: The samples from each population should be randomly and
independently selected.
Normality: The populations from which the samples are drawn should be
approximately normally distributed. If the sample sizes are large (typically n1, n2 >
30), the Central Limit Theorem suggests that the distribution of sample means will
be approximately normal, even if the underlying population distributions are not.
Equal Variances (Optional): While not strictly necessary, it is often assumed that the
variances of the two populations are equal. If this assumption is violated, a modified
version of the test called the Welch's t-test can be used.
Z-Test for One Sample Group:
I. When to use:
Purpose: This test is used when you want to determine if the mean of a single sample is significantly
different from a known population mean or a hypothesized mean.
Example: Testing whether the average test scores of a class differ significantly from the national
average.
II. Assumptions:
Random Sampling: The sample should be randomly and independently selected from the population
of interest.
Normality: Similar to the two-sample Z-test, the population from which the sample is drawn should
be approximately normally distributed. If the sample size is large (typically n > 30), the Central Limit
Theorem can be relied upon.
General Considerations:
Known Population Standard Deviation (σ): Both tests assume that the population
standard deviation (σ) is known. In practice, if the population standard deviation is
not known, the t-tests (either independent or one-sample) might be more
appropriate.
Level of Significance (α): As with any hypothesis test, you need to choose a level of
significance (commonly 0.05) to determine the critical value or the p-value
threshold.
Independence: Both tests assume independence within and between groups. For
the two-sample Z-test, the samples from the two groups should be independent.
3. What are the steps in doing this test? (Make use of technology as a tool to do the test)
LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE
test .01 .05
+2.33 +1.645
One-tailed
_ _
+2.575 +1.96
Two tailed
_ _
Step 1: Gather the sample data.
Suppose she collects two simple random samples with the following information:
• x1 (sample 1 mean IQ) = 100.65
•n1 (sample 1 size) = 20
•x (sample 2 mean IQ) = 108.8
2
•n2 (sample 2 size) = 20
Step 2: Define the hypotheses.
She will perform the two sample z-test with the following hypotheses:
•H0: μ1 = μ2 (the two population means are equal)
•HA: μ1 ≠ μ2 (the two population means are not equal)
Step 3: Calculate the z test statistic.
The z test statistic is calculated as:
•z = (x1– x2) / √σ 2/n + σ 2/n )
1 1 2 2
•z = (100.65-108.8) / √152/20 + 152/20)
Step 4: Calculate the p-value of the z test statistic.
According to the Z Score to P Value Calculator, the two-tailed p-value associated
with z = -1.718 is 0.0858.
Step 5: Draw a conclusion.
Since the p-value (0.0858) is not less than the significance level (.05), the scientist
will fail to reject the null hypothesis.
4. Provide at least 3 or more examples of statistical problems in various field
which can be solved using this test.
EXAMPLES OF STATISTICAL PROBLEMS USING Z-TEST
· Example 1: A teacher claims that the mean score of students in his class is
greater than 82 with a standard deviation of 20. If a sample of 81 students was
selected with a mean score of 90 then check if there is enough evidence to support
this claim at a 0.05 significance level.
Solution: As the sample size is 81 and population standard deviation is known, this
is an example of a right-tailed one-sample z test.
H0 : μ = 82
H1 : μ > 82
From the z table the critical value at α = 1.645
z=x̄ -μσ√n
¯x̄ = 90, μ = 82, n = 81, σ = 20
z = 3.6
As 3.6 > 1.645 thus, the null hypothesis is rejected and it is concluded that there is
enough evidence to support the teacher's claim.
Answer: Reject the null hypothesis
Example 2: An online medicine shop claims that the mean delivery time for
medicines is less than 120 minutes with a standard deviation of 30 minutes. Is there
enough evidence to support this claim at a 0.05 significance level if 49 orders were
examined with a mean of 100 minutes?
Solution: As the sample size is 49 and population standard deviation is known, this
is an example of a left-tailed one-sample z test.
H0 : μ = 120
H1 : μ < 120
From the z table the critical value at α = -1.645. A negative sign is used as this is a
left tailed test.
z=x̄ -μσ√n
x̄ = 100, μ = 120, n = 49, σ = 30
z = -4.66
As -4.66 < -1.645 thus, the null hypothesis is rejected and it is concluded that there
is enough evidence to support the medicine shop's claim.
Answer: Reject the null hypothesis
References
•Sprinthall, R. C. (2011). Basic Statistical Analysis (9th ed.). Pearson Education.
•Z-Test: Definition, Types, One Sample Z-Test, Two Sample Z-Test. (n.d.). Cuemath.
[Link]
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•Zack, (n.d.).One Sample Z-Test: Definition, Formula, and Example.
[Link]
•Sakshi, (n.d.) One sample z-test in R with Examples.
[Link]
•Kumar, A. (2023, November 16). Two Samples Z-Test for Means: Formula &
Examples. Vitalflux.
[Link]
