Ancient Times
BY: GROUP 1
Learning Objectives:
• Identify the significant
scientific and technological
contributions of ancient
civilizations such as
Mesopotamia, Egypt and etc.
• Analyze how ancient
innovations, such as writing
systems, early engineering,
and agriculture, influenced
the development of human
societies.
Transportation & Navigation:
Early peoples developed methods for travel and exploration,
facilitating trade and settlement expansion. Navigation
techniques allowed for safe return journeys.
Communication & Record-Keeping:
Systems for communication and record-keeping were crucial
for coordinating activities, documenting history and culture, and
facilitating trade.
Mass Production:
The growing populations necessitated advancements in food
production to meet increasing demands for resources.
Technological innovations improved efficiency and yield.
Security & Protection:
The development of weapons and armor was essential for
defense and the establishment of alliances or control over
resources.
A primary challenge they faced was the conservation of life.
Science and technology played a major role in the discovery of
cures to, if not the prevention of, illnesses.
People ventured into what is now known as the field of
engineering. The development in this field allowed humans to
build structures that would address their specific needs and
wants.
The development in engineering also ushered in
the introduction of architecture
Humans later on developed the technology to improve
how they look.
The developments in science and technology, aside
from affecting the lives of the people, were the results
of many prior antecedents.
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATIONTHE IRRIGATION
CUNEIFOR URUK GREAT
M CITY AND DIKES
ZIGGURAT
OF UR
SAILBOAT WHEE THE ROADS
S L PLOW
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
CUNEIFOR
M
• The Sumerians developed the first
writing system known as cuneiform.
• A system using carved triangular
symbols and word pictures on clay,
made with wedge tools and left to
dry
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
CUNEIFOR
M
• The Sumerians
developed the first
writing system
known as cuneiform.
• A system using
carved triangular
symbols and word
pictures on clay,
made with wedge
tools and left to dry
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATIONTHE IRRIGATION
CUNEIFOR URUK GREAT
M CITY AND DIKES
ZIGGURAT
OF UR
SAILBOAT WHEE THE ROADS
S L PLOW
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
URUK
CITY
• Recognized as the first true city in the world.
• Renowned for its impressive construction
methods.
• Faced challenges due to a lack of building stones
and limited lumber.
• Sumerians used mud or clay mixed with reeds to
create sunbaked bricks.
• Bricks were used to build weather-resistant
houses.
• A city wall was constructed to guard against wild
animals and raiders.
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
URUK
CITY
• Recognized as the first true city in
the world.
• Renowned for its impressive
construction methods.
• Faced challenges due to a lack of
building stones and limited lumber.
• Sumerians used mud or clay mixed
with reeds to create sunbaked
bricks.
• Bricks were used to build weather-
resistant houses.
• A city wall was constructed to
guard against wild animals and
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATIONTHE IRRIGATION
CUNEIFOR URUK GREAT
M CITY AND DIKES
ZIGGURAT
OF UR
SAILBOAT WHEE THE ROADS
S L PLOW
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
THE GREAT ZIGGURAT OF
UR
• The Great Ziggurat of Ur is another Sumerian engineering and
architectural marvel.
• Also known as the "Mountain of God."
• Constructed using sunbaked bricks, similar to the City of Uruk,
due to limited building materials.
• Served as the sacred temple of the Sumerians' chief god.
• Only priests were allowed to enter the ziggurat.
• Showcases intricate Sumerian architecture and advanced
construction technology.
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
THE GREAT ZIGGURAT OF
UR
• The Great Ziggurat of Ur is another
Sumerian engineering and architectural
marvel.
• Also known as the "Mountain of God."
• Constructed using sunbaked bricks,
similar to the City of Uruk, due to limited
building materials.
• Served as the sacred temple of the
Sumerians' chief god.
• Only priests were allowed to enter the
ziggurat.
• Showcases intricate Sumerian
architecture and advanced construction
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATIONTHE IRRIGATION
CUNEIFOR URUK GREAT
M CITY AND DIKES
ZIGGURAT
OF UR
SAILBOAT WHEE THE ROADS
S L PLOW
Sumerian Civilization
Irrigation and
Dikes
Sumerian Civilization
Dikes
barriers built to prevent
flooding and control the flow
of water to their crops.
Sumerian Civilization
Irrigation and
Dikes
Sumerian Civilization
Irrigation
a complex network of
canals, dikes,
reservoirs, and other
structures that
allowed farmers to
control the flow of
water to their fields.
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATIONTHE IRRIGATION
CUNEIFOR URUK GREAT
M CITY AND DIKES
ZIGGURAT
OF UR
SAILBOAT WHEE THE ROADS
S L PLOW
Sumerian
Civilization
Sailboa
ts
Sumerian
Civilization
Sailboa
ts
The sails were square in shape and made
of cloth.
The angle and direction of the
sails could not be changed.
The hull or the body of the
boat was made of wood.
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATIONTHE IRRIGATION
CUNEIFOR URUK GREAT
M CITY AND DIKES
ZIGGURAT
OF UR
SAILBOAT WHEE THE ROADS
S L PLOW
Sumerian
Civilization
WHEEL
Sumerian
Civilization
WHEEL
The earliest wheels were made
S
by inserting rotating axles into
perfectly smooth, solid wooden
discs.
They initially used the wheel for
pottery, but later used it for
transportation and agriculture.
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATIONTHE IRRIGATION
CUNEIFOR URUK GREAT
M CITY AND DIKES
ZIGGURAT
OF UR
SAILBOAT WHEE THE ROADS
S L PLOW
Sumerian
Civilization
THE
PLOW
Sumerian
Civilization
THE
PLOW
Invented to dig the earth in
the faster pace.
With this tool, farmers could
cultivate larger parcels of
land faster, enabling them to
mass produce food without
taking so much effort and
time.
SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATIONTHE IRRIGATION
CUNEIFOR URUK GREAT
M CITY AND DIKES
ZIGGURAT
OF UR
SAILBOAT WHEE THE ROADS
S L PLOW
Sumerian
Civilization
THE
ROADS
Sumerian
Civilization
THE
Developed roads for faster and
ROADS
easier travel.
Organized traffic flow.
Built roads using sun-baked bricks,
similar to brick-making techniques.
Used bitumen (similar to asphalt) to smooth the road surface.
Roads were particularly beneficial during the rainy season when
mud made travel difficult.
Babylonian
Civilization
Babylonian
Civilization
The Babylonian civilization grew along the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia.
The Babylonians were skilled builders,
engineers, and architects. They lived near
the rivers because water was essential for
their survival. The rivers provided food,
energy, and beauty and were also used for
transportation. Through these waterways,
the Babylonians traded goods, traveled,
conquered new lands, and escaped danger
when needed.
Timeline
Old Babylonian Period (c. 1894–
1595 BCE)
Emerged as a major power under King Hammurabi
(1792–1750 BCE).
Known for the "Code of Hammurabi," one of the
earliest legal codes.
Kassite Dynasty (c. 1595–
1155 BCE)
Marked by stability and cultural development.
Babylonia became a center for trade and culture.
Middle Babylonian Period (c. 1155–
626 BCE)
Decline in power due to external pressures,
including invasions by the Assyrians and Elamites.
Neo-Babylonian Empire (c. 626–
539 BCE)
Achieved its height under King Nebuchadnezzar II
(604–562 BCE). Known for monumental
architecture, including the Hanging Gardens of
Babylon and the Ishtar Gate.
Fall of Babylon (539
BCE)
Conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia, marking
the end of its independence.
THE PEOPLE OF
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
THE PEOPLE OF
BABYLONIAN
CIVILIZATION
ETHNICITY AND LANGUAGE
RELIGION
SOCIETY
CONTRIBUTION OF THE
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
CONTRIBUTION OF THE
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
Law and
Governance
Science and
Mathematics
Architechture
The Hanging Gardens
of Babylon
One of their most famous achievements was the
Hanging Gardens of Babylon, considered one of the
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. According to
stories, the gardens were built in layers and filled with
plants, trees, and vines to resemble a lush mountain.
However, no physical evidence has been found to prove
their existence, and their exact location remains
unknown. Despite this, the Hanging Gardens are
admired through historical accounts and artworks,
showcasing the creativity of the Babylonians.
Thank you
for listening!
Referenc
e
McNamara, D. J., Valerde, V. M., & Beleno III, R.
(n.d.). Science, technology, and society.
