Introduction to .

NET Framework
 .NET – What Is It?
• Software platform
• Language neutral
• In other words:
.NET is not a language (Runtime and a library for
writing and executing written programs in any
compliant language)
 What Is .NET
• It provides a common platform to run an
application that was built using the different
language such as C#, VB.NET, Visual Basic, etc.
• It is also used to create a form based, console-
based, mobile and web-based application or
services that are available in Microsoft
environment.
• Furthermore, the .NET framework is a pure object
oriented, that similar to the Java language.
.NET – What Is It?

.NET Application

.NET Framework

Operating System + Hardware

.NET Framework
 .NET Framework
ASP.NET
ASP.NET Windows
WindowsForms
Forms

Web Services Web Forms Controls Drawing

ASP.NET Application Services Windows Application Services

Framework
FrameworkClass
ClassLibrary
Library

ADO.NET XML Threading IO

Network Security Diagnostics Etc.

Common
CommonLanguage
LanguageRuntime
Runtime
Common
Memory Lifecycle
Type
Management
System Monitoring
 The .NET Framework
.NET Framework Services
• Common Language Runtime
• Windows® Forms
• ASP.NET
– Web Forms
– Web Services
• ADO.NET, evolution of ADO
• Visual Studio.NET
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
• Important part of a .NET framework that works like a virtual component to
executes the different languages program like c#, Visual Basic, etc.
• Manages memory, thread execution, type safety verification and garbage
collection.
• It helps to convert a source code into the byte code, and this byte code is
known as CIL (Common Intermediate Language) or MSIL (Microsoft
Intermediate Language).
• After converting into a byte code, a CLR uses a JIT compiler at run time
that helps to convert a CIL or MSIL code into the machine or native code.
• The JIT code stays in memory for subsequent calls. In cases where there
is not enough memory it is discarded thus making JIT process interpretive.
 Compilation in .NET
Code in another
Code in VB.NET Code in C#
.NET Language

Appropriate
VB.NET compiler C# compiler
Compiler

IL(Intermediate
Language) code

CLR just-in-time
execution
 MSIL and JIT Compilation
• Source code is compiled into MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language). Similar to Java
bytecode.
• MSIL allows for runtime type-safety and security, as well as portable execution platforms
(all Windows). MSIL code cannot play tricks with pointers or illegal type conversions.
• The MSIL architecture results in apps that run in one address space - thus much less OS
overhead.
• Compilers also produce “metadata”:
– Definitions of each type in your code.
– Signatures of each type’s members.
– Members that your code references.
– Other runtime data for the CLR.
• Metadata along with the MSIL enables code to be self-describing - no need for separate
type libraries, IDL, or registry entries.
• When code is executed by the CLR, a JIT compilation step occurs. Code is compiled
method-by-method to native machine code.
 Common Language Runtime
• Development
– Mixed language applications
• Common Language Specification (CLS)
• Common Type System (CTS)
• Standard class framework
• Automatic memory management
– Consistent error handling and safer execution
– Potentially multi-platform
• Deployment
– Removal of registration dependency
– Safety – fewer versioning problems
 Common Language Runtime
Multiple Language Support
• CTS is a rich type system built into the CLR
– Implements various types (int, double, etc)
– And operations on those types
• CLS is a set of specifications that language
and library designers need to follow
– This will ensure interoperability between
languages
 Languages
• Languages provided by MS
– VB, C++, C#, J#, JScript
• Third-parties are building
– APL, COBOL, Pascal, Eiffel, Haskell, ML, Oberon,
Perl, Python, Scheme, Smalltalk…
 Windows Forms
• Framework for Building Rich Clients
– RAD (Rapid Application Development)
– Rich set of controls
– Data aware
– ActiveX® Support
– Licensing
– Accessibility
– Printing support
– Unicode support
– UI inheritance
 ASP.NET
•ASP.NET,the platform services that allow to program
Web Applications and Web Services in any .NET
language

•ASP.NET Uses .NET languages to generate HTML pages.

HTML page is targeted to the capabilities of the
requesting Browser

•ASP.NET “Program” is compiled into a .NET class and

cached the first time it is called. All subsequent calls use
the cached version.
 ASP.NET

• Logical Evolution of ASP

– Supports multiple languages
– Improved performance
– Control-based, event-driven execution model
– More productive
– Cleanly encapsulated functionality
 ASP.NET Web Forms
• Allows clean cut code
– Code-behind Web Forms
• Easier for tools to generate
• Code within is compiled then executed
• Improved handling of state information
• Support for ASP.NET server controls
– Data validation
– Data bound grids
 ASP.NET Web Services

• A technical definition
– “A programmable application component accessible
via standard Web protocols”
 Web Services
• It is just an application…
• …that exposes its features and capabilities
over the network…
• …using XML…
• …to allow for the creation of powerful new
applications that are more than the sum of
their parts…
 ADO.NET
(Data and XML)
• New objects (e.g., DataSets)
• Separates connected / disconnected issues
• Language neutral data access
• Uses same types as CLR
• Great support for XML
 Visual Studio.NET
• Development tool that contains a rich set of
productivity and debugging features
 Summary
• The .NET Framework
– Dramatically simplifies development and
deployment
– Provides robust and secure execution environment
– Supports multiple programming languages