Decimals
CLASS - VII
Introduction to Decimals
• Decimals are a way of representing parts of a whole.
• They use a decimal point (.) to separate whole numbers from fractions
• Example: 5.7 (five and seven tenths)
Numbering Decimals
• The digits to the left of the decimal point represent whole numbers
• The digits to the right represent fractions of a whole
• Each position has a specific value
• Place Value Chart:
Hundreds Tens Ones . Tenths Hundredths Thousandths 1 0 0 . 5 2 7
This number is 100.527
10ths in a Decimal
• The first position to the right of the decimal point represents tenths
• Each tenth is 1/10 of a whole
• Example: 0.3 = 3/10 (three tenths)
• In 5.7, the 7 is in the tenths place, so 7/10
100ths in a Decimal
• The second position to the right of the decimal point represents
hundredths
• Each hundredth is 1/100 of a whole
• Example: 0.05 = 5/100 (five hundredths)
• In 3.42, the 2 is in the hundredths place, so 2/100
1,000ths in a Decimal
• The third position to the right of the decimal point represents
thousandths
• Each thousandth is 1/1000 of a whole
• Example: 0.008 = 8/1000 (eight thousandths)
• In 2.157, the 7 is in the thousandths place, so 7/1000
Addition of Decimals
• Steps to add decimals:
• Write the numbers with decimal points aligned
• Add as you would with whole numbers
• Keep the decimal point in the same position in the answer
• Example:
• 3.75 + 2.80 ------ 6.55
Subtraction of Decimals
• Steps to subtract decimals:
• Write the numbers with decimal points aligned
• Subtract as you would with whole numbers
• Keep the decimal point in the same position in the answer
• Example:
• 7.35 - 2.17 ------ 5.18
Multiplication of Decimals
• Steps to multiply decimals:
• Multiply as if they were whole numbers
• Count the total number of decimal places in both numbers
• Place the decimal point in the answer so that it has the same total
number of decimal places
• Example:
• 2.3 (1 decimal place) × 1.5 (1 decimal place) ------ 3.45 (2 decimal places)
Division of Decimals
• When dividing by a whole number:
• Divide as usual, placing the decimal point in the quotient directly
above the decimal point in the dividend
• Example:
• 4.5 ÷ 1.5 =3
• When dividing by a decimal:
• Move the decimal point in the divisor to make it a whole number
• Move the decimal point in the dividend the same number of places
• Divide as usual
• Example:
• 2.4 ÷ 0.6 = 24 ÷ 6 = 4
Rounding Decimals
• Steps to round decimals:
• Identify the place value to which you want to round
• Look at the digit to the right of that place
• If the digit is 5 or greater, round up
• If the digit is less than 5, round down
• Examples:
• 3.46 rounded to the nearest tenth is 3.5
• 7.83 rounded to the nearest whole number is 8
• 12.349 rounded to the nearest hundredth is 12.35
Practice Problems
• Add: 5.23 + 2.59
• Subtract: 8.7 - 3.45
• Multiply: 2.4 × 1.5
• Divide: 6.3 ÷ 0.3
• Round 3.758 to the nearest tenth
