Systems Analysis
and Design
Course Code: MIT8304
By Jaafar Z. Maitama
Slide 1
Introduction
Chapter 1
Slide 2
Learning Objectives
To provide you with new ways of looking at
information in order to solve business problems
To introduce you to concepts and methods of SAD
To discuss effective methods for gathering and
documenting essential information during system
analysis
To discuss effective methods for designing
systems to solve problems effectively using
appropriate methodology and technology
Slide 3
Course Structure
Two Parts
• System Analysis (The “what”)
• System Design (The “how”)
Slide 4
Assessment
• CA – 15%
• Group Project – 15%
• Exams – 70%
Slide 5
Reference Texts
• • System Analysis and Design
• by Shelly Cashman
• System Analysis and design
by Dennis, Wixom and Roth
• System Analysis and design in a changing world
by Satzinger, Jackson and Burd
• System Analysis and design with UML, version
2.0
by Dennis, Wixom and Tegarden
• • Systems Analysis and Design Methods
• by Jeffrey L. Whitten
Slide 6
Expected Learning
Outcomes
What you should expect:
To be able to analyze an existing
system/problem
To expose its limitations and/or setbacks
To come up with a well designed solution in
form of a new or updated system.
Slide 7
Why systems?
Computerized systems are becoming our
way of life…
• We find computers in every aspect of our
lives:
Our Homes
Our Transport systems
Our Places of work
Our Bodies
Slide 8
Building the systems
• It becomes a very important issue to understand and
build computer systems as they are everywhere in our
lives.
• Most of these systems can be quite large (not
necessary
in size but in the number of tasks they perform) and
complicated so:
they may require a team to develop,
then a system procedure (Model) needs to be followed.
And in turn, to follow such procedures requires some
certain skills and capabilities
Slide 9
What is a System?
The term system is coined from the Greek word
syst-ema, meaning to “place together”
A System is an integrated set of interoperable units.
Each unit has a specified and bounded functions. All
the units work together to perform a value-added
processing, in a prescribed operating environment,
with a specified outcome and probability of success.
This enables user to satisfy a mission-oriented
operational needs
Slide 10
Types of Systems
• MIS – Management Information System
• TPS – Transaction Processing System
• OAS – Office Automation Systems
• DSS – Decision Support Systems
• AI - Artificial Intelligence Systems
Slide 11
Types of Systems
• A management information system (MIS) is an information
system that provides for management-oriented reporting based
on transaction processing and operations of the organization.
• A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information system
that captures and processes data about business transactions.
• An office automation system is an information system that
supports the wide range of business office activities that provide
for improved work flow between workers.
Slide 12
Types of Systems
• A decision support system (DSS) is an information
system that either helps to identify decision making
opportunities or provides information to help make
decisions.
• An AI system also called expert system is an
information system that captures the expertise of
workers and then simulates that expertise to the
benefit of non-experts.
Slide 13
System Components
Resources; can be hardware or software
Procedures; set of rules to follow to achieve desired goal
Data/Information; input & output
Process: the operational element of the system that makes
use of the resources to operate on the data under the defined
procedures in order to achieve the desired goal.
Intermediate data; data undergoes series of transformation
before the required information (output) is obtained.
Slide 14
Stakeholders: Players in
the
Systems Game
• A stakeholder is any person who has
an interest in an existing or proposed
information system.
• Stakeholders can be technical or
nontechnical workers.
• They may also include both internal and
external workers.
Slide 15
Categories of
Stakeholders
Knowledge workers
Information workers
System owners
System users
System Analyst
Slide 16
Categories of
Stakeholders
• Information workers: are those workers whose jobs involve the creation, collection,
processing, distribution, and use of information.
• Knowledge workers: are a subset of information workers whose responsibilities are
based on a specialized body of knowledge.
• System owners: an information system’s sponsor and executive advocate, usually
responsible for funding the project of developing, operating, and maintaining the
information system.
• System users: a person who use or is affected by an information system on a
regular basis – capturing, validating, entering, responding to, storing, and
exchanging data and information. System Users can be: Internal, external or end
users.
• Systems analyst: a specialist who studies the problems and needs of an
organization to determine how people, data, processes, and information technology
can best accomplish improvements for the business.
Slide 17
Roles of a System Analyst
within the
• System analysis;
SDLC
Gathering information and determining requirements.
• System analysis and design
responsible not only for the analysis of the system but
for designing the new system/application.
• System analysis, design and programming
in addition to analysis and design, here analyst is also
required to implement the design of the proposed
system.
Slide 18
Roles of a system Analyst
within a
business organization
• A very interesting yet demanding role that varies from
organization to organization, but the common roles are:
Consultant;
Hired specifically to address information system issues within a
business.
Support Expert
Apply his/her professional expertise in computing to aid
business activities of the organization.
Agent of change
Develops a plan for modification of the existing system and
works with the team to implement the plan.
Slide 19
Qualities of a System
Analyst
• A self motivated and self disciplined person.
• A versatile person of sound common sense
with varied skills that are required at various
stages of the SDLC.
• A curious person that is always keen to learn
new things.
Slide 20
Skills required by a System
Analyst
• Technical know-how of the information system development.
• Business knowledge
• Interpersonal skills; for interacting with the users and the software
development team members
• Analytical Skills; to be able to analyze and come up with logical solutions
• Communication skills; to listen, understand and extract the required
information.
• Problem solving skills; to address various problems occurring at different
stages of the SDLC and to define alternate solutions
Slide 21
Slide 22
Questions !!!
Slide 23
