Module Name: Multimedia

System Design
Module Code : CS 1210

Prepared By: Eng. Robert Sikumbili

 Introduction to Multimedia
Multimedia refers to the use of multiple forms
of media to communicate information or
provide an experience. It typically combines
text, images, audio, video, animation, and
interactivity.
The goal of multimedia is to enhance user
engagement, improve understanding, or
create a richer experience.
 Key Components of Multimedia:
• Text – Basic written content that conveys information.
• Images – Still pictures or graphics used to illustrate or
support text.
• Audio – Sound elements like music, voice-overs, or sound
effects.
• Video – Moving visuals, often combined with audio, to
show concepts or tell stories.
• Animation – Moving images created digitally to
demonstrate processes or create engaging effects.
• Interactivity – User-driven features like buttons, quizzes, or
games that allow engagement with the content.
 Examples of Multimedia:
• Websites with video tutorials and interactive
elements
• Educational software combining text,
animations, and quizzes
• Video games with graphics, sound, and
interactivity
• Digital marketing presentations with voice-
overs and slides
 What is a CD-ROM?
• CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory.
• It's a type of optical disc used to store data — especially
multimedia content like software, music, videos, and
games.
• “Read-Only” means you can’t write or save new data on it
— it’s just for reading or playback.
• Common in the 1990s and early 2000s for distributing:
– Educational software
– Encyclopedias (like Microsoft Encarta)
– Video games
– Music albums with bonus content
 What is the Multimedia Highway?
• The term “Multimedia Highway” is a conceptual phrase (especially
popular in the '90s) that referred to the integration of multimedia
and telecommunications technologies to create a digital, connected
future.
• It’s closely related to the idea of the “Information Superhighway,” a
term popularized during the early days of the internet.

• It described a future where:

People could access and share multimedia content (text, video,
sound) anytime, anywhere.
Technologies like high-speed internet, fiber optics, broadband, and
interactive TV would make this possible.
It was a vision of what we now live every day — streaming services,
video conferencing, online learning, etc.
• Multimedia is used everywhere these days because
it makes communication more engaging, interactive,
and effective. Here's a quick breakdown of where
and how multimedia is commonly used:
1. Education
• Interactive lessons with videos, animations, and
quizzes
• Online learning platforms (like Khan Academy or
Coursera)
• Virtual labs and simulations for science, medicine,
etc.
• E-books with embedded audio or video explanations
2. Business and Corporate
• Presentations with slides, charts, and videos
(e.g., PowerPoint)
• Corporate training modules with voiceovers
and assessments
• Product demos or tutorials with animations
• Marketing videos and interactive ads
3. Entertainment
• Movies and TV shows (digital storytelling)
• Video games (combining graphics, sound, and
interactivity)
• Music videos and live performances
• Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality
(AR) experiences
4. Journalism and Media
• News websites with videos, slideshows, and
live reporting
• Documentaries using video, narration, and
infographics
• Social media content (reels, stories,
infographics)
5. Healthcare
• Medical training videos
• Patient education animations (e.g., how a
surgery works)
• Telehealth apps with video consultations
6. E-Commerce
• Product videos and 360° views
• Interactive guides and virtual try-ons (e.g.,
makeup or glasses)
• Customer support chatbots with voice/video
 Introduction to Multimedia Making:
What is Multimedia Making?
• Multimedia making is the process of creating content that
combines different types of media — like text, images, audio,
video, animation, and interactivity — to communicate a message,
tell a story, or provide an experience.
It’s used in:
• Educational videos
• Advertisements
• YouTube content
• Apps & games
• Websites
• Digital storytelling
 Common Tools for Multimedia Making
Media TypeBeginner-Friendly Tools
[Link] Canva, iMovie, CapCut,Adobe
Premiere Rush
[Link] Audacity, GarageBand,
[Link]
[Link] Canva, Adobe Express, Pixlr
[Link] Powtoon, Animaker, Blender
(advanced)
[Link] Genially, Google Forms, Unity
(advanced)
Steps to Start Making Multimedia
[Link] Your Content
• What’s your purpose? Who’s your audience?
• Script or outline what you want to say/do.
[Link] or Create Media
• Take photos, record audio, shoot video, or design graphics.
[Link] & Combine Media
• Use a multimedia editing tool to put everything together.
[Link] & Improve
• Watch/play your content. Fix timing, spelling, volume, etc.
[Link] & Share
• Save it in the right format (e.g., MP4 for videos), then upload
or share it!
 Multimedia Skills
Skill AreaDescription
Graphic Design Creating visuals, layouts, posters, and
images using tools like Canva, Photoshop, or Figma.
Video Editing Cutting, trimming, and adding effects or transitions
using tools like CapCut, iMovie, or Adobe Premiere.
Audio Editing Recording, cleaning, and mixing audio using Audacity,
GarageBand, or Adobe Audition.
Scriptwriting & Storyboarding Planning the structure of your project and how it
flows visually and narratively.
Basic Programming/Interactivity For projects with interactivity (e.g., games,
websites), knowing some HTML, JavaScript, or using platforms like Unity helps.

Animation Creating motion graphics or character animation

using Powtoon, After Effects, or Blender.

Project Management Organizing tasks, managing time, and collaborating

with team members. Tools: Trello, Notion, or Google Workspace.
 Training in Multimedia Project Development
1. Idea Development & Planning
• Learn how to define goals, understand your audience, and create a project brief.
• Training often includes brainstorming, scripting, and storyboarding.

2. Tool Training
• Hands-on practice with multimedia software (video/audio editors, graphic design tools, etc.)
• Many free platforms (like YouTube or Coursera) offer beginner tutorials for each tool.
3. Content Creation
• Learn how to record, edit, and optimize media content.
• This includes shooting video, editing sound, and making animations.

4. Integration
• Combine all media elements into one final product (e.g., an interactive video, presentation, website).
• Training here focuses on timing, layout, transitions, and file formats.

5. Testing & Evaluation

• Understand how to test usability, get feedback, and revise the project.
• Learn basics of user testing and how to troubleshoot issues.

6. Publishing & Distribution

• Learn how to export files in proper formats and upload them to the right platforms (YouTube, websites,
LMS, etc.).
 The Macintosh Multimedia Platform: A
Game-Changer in Multimedia History
• What Is It?
• The Macintosh multimedia platform refers to the
Apple Macintosh computers and the software
ecosystem built around them in the late 1980s and
1990s that supported rich multimedia development
and playback.
• Apple was one of the first companies to truly embrace
multimedia — combining text, images, sound, and
video in a user-friendly way — all thanks to its
graphical user interface (GUI) and powerful hardware.
 Key Features of the Macintosh Multimedia
Platform
• Feature Description
GUI (Graphical User Interface) Made multimedia creation intuitive and
visual (drag-and-drop, windows, icons).
QuickTime Introduced in 1991, this was a revolutionary multimedia
framework that allowed Macs to play video, audio, animation, and more.
HyperCard A groundbreaking tool from Apple for creating interactive
content (kind of like early app development or interactive storytelling).
Sound & Graphics Macs came with high-quality sound and graphics
capabilities out of the box — way ahead of many PCs at the time.

CD-ROM Support Macs were among the first to widely adopt CD-ROMs for
distributing multimedia content.
 UNIT II
Text Editing Tools
What Are They?
• Text editors are lightweight software
applications used primarily for writing and
editing plain text — with little or no
formatting. They’re often used for coding,
writing scripts, or simple notes.
Common Text Editing Tools:

Tool Description

Notepad (Windows) Simple built-in editor for quick plain text editing.

TextEdit (Mac) Mac’s default editor; supports plain and rich text.

Advanced free editor with syntax highlighting for

Notepad++
programming.

Popular with programmers; supports extensions,

Sublime Text / VS Code
auto-complete, themes, etc.

Open-source editor good for collaborative text and

Atom
coding.
Best For:
• Writing code (HTML, Python, etc.)
• Notes or configuration files
• Fast, distraction-free editing
 Word Processing Tools
What Are They?
• Word processors are programs designed to
create, edit, format, and print rich text
documents. They support features like bold
text, tables, images, page layout, and
spellcheck.
 Common Word Processing Tools:
Tool Description

Most widely used word processor with extensive

Microsoft Word
formatting and editing features.
Cloud-based, allows real-time collaboration and easy
Google Docs
sharing.

LibreOffice Writer Free and open-source alternative to MS Word.

WPS Office Writer Lightweight and compatible with MS Word formats.

Apple’s elegant word processor for creating

Pages (Mac)
documents and brochures.
Best For:
• Writing reports, letters, resumes, essays
• Inserting images, tables, charts
• Collaborative writing and printing
 Key Differences:
Feature Text Editor Word Processor
Minimal (plain Rich formatting
Formatting
text only) (fonts, styles)
.docx, .odt, .pdf,
File Types .txt, .html, .py, etc.
etc.
Coding, quick Reports, essays,
Use Case
notes documents
Many support
Collaboration Usually none
online sharing
Yes (columns,
Advanced Layout No
headers, etc.)
 What is OCR Software?
OCR stands for Optical Character Recognition.
OCR software scans printed, typed, or
handwritten documents (from images or
PDFs) and converts them into editable and
searchable text.
 How Does OCR Work?
• Scan or upload an image of text (e.g., photo
of a page, scanned document).
• OCR software analyzes characters in the
image using pattern recognition and AI.
• It converts the image into editable text (e.g.,
Word, PDF, or plain text file).
 Popular OCR Software Tools
Software Name Platform Features

OCR PDFs into editable text; preserves

Adobe Acrobat Pro DC Windows/Mac
layout
Free, open-source OCR engine by
Tesseract OCR Windows/Linux/Mac
Google (used in many apps)
Highly accurate OCR; supports over 190
ABBYY FineReader Windows/Mac
languages
Free OCR built into Google Drive
Google Docs OCR Web
(uploads image/PDF and extracts text)

Microsoft OneNote Windows/Mac/Web Can extract text from inserted images

Mobile app with OCR to scan and

CamScanner Android/iOS
extract text from documents
Quick online OCR for PDFs/images (no
[Link] Web
software install needed)
 Common Uses of OCR Software
• Digitizing printed books or documents
• Converting scanned forms to editable formats
• Extracting text from old newspapers or
archives
• Making PDFs searchable
• Translating physical text into digital notes
(especially useful in education and research)
 Benefits of Using OCR
• Saves time from manual typing
• Makes information searchable and editable
• Helps create accessible digital documents
• Useful in archiving and digitizing old material
 What Are Painting and Drawing Tools?

Painting and drawing tools are software

applications (or sometimes physical tools like
styluses) used to create digital artwork,
illustrations, designs, and freehand sketches.
They simulate traditional art materials like
pencils, brushes, and canvases — but in a
digital environment.
 Popular Painting and Drawing Software
Tool Name Platform Best For
Microsoft Paint Windows Basic drawing, beginner-friendly
Basic 2D/3D drawing with stickers and 3D
Paint 3D Windows
shapes
Tux Paint Windows/Mac/Linux Fun, simple painting tool for children
Professional digital painting, photo editing,
Adobe Photoshop Windows/Mac
layering
Corel Painter Windows/Mac Realistic brush simulation for digital artists
Free, open-source tool for painting and
Krita Windows/Mac/Linux
illustration
High-end digital drawing app with Apple
Procreate iPad (iOS)
Pencil support
Sketchbook Windows/Mac/iOS/ Intuitive drawing with brushes, layers, and
(Autodesk) Android tools
Free software for photo editing and basic
GIMP Windows/Mac/Linux
digital painting
Popular for manga, comics, and digital
Clip Studio Paint Windows/Mac/iOS
illustration
Key Features of Painting/Drawing Tools

• Brushes & Pens: Simulate pencils, airbrushes, markers,

watercolor, etc.
• Layers: Work in separate layers (like transparent sheets) for better
control.
• Colors & Gradients: Choose from millions of colors and fill
options.
• Erasers & Undo: Easily correct mistakes and try new ideas.
• Stamps & Textures: Add patterns, shapes, or real-world textures.
• Zoom & Precision Tools: Work on fine details by zooming in/out.
• Export Options: Save as PNG, JPG, PSD, PDF, etc.
 Who Uses These Tools?

• Students: For art projects, posters, diagrams

• Designers: For logos, UI design, illustrations
• Animators: For frame-by-frame sketching
• Artists: For painting, concept art, digital
realism
• Educators: For visual content in teaching
 Bonus: Drawing Hardware Tools
• Bonus: Drawing Hardware Tools
• Graphics Tablets (e.g., Wacom, Huion) – Used
with a stylus for precise hand drawing
• Touchscreen Devices (iPad + Apple Pencil,
Surface Pro) – Combine hardware and
software
 What Are 3-D Modeling and Animation
Tools?
• These tools are software applications used to:
• Create 3D objects (modeling)
• Apply movement or motion to those objects
(animation)
• They allow users to design, shape, texture,
light, and animate virtual models or scenes in
a 3D environment.
 Popular 3-D Modeling and Animation Tools
Tool Name Platform Best For
Free and open-source; used for modeling, sculpting, animation,
Blender Windows/Mac/Linux
VFX, and even game creation

Autodesk Maya Windows/Mac Industry-standard for 3D animation, VFX, and film production

Powerful modeling and rendering tool (popular in architecture

Autodesk 3ds Max Windows
and game dev)
Known for its intuitive UI; used in motion graphics and 3D
Cinema 4D Windows/Mac
animation
ZBrush Windows/Mac Ideal for high-detail sculpting and character design

Beginner-friendly tool for simple 3D modeling (great for

Tinkercad Web-based
education and 3D printing)
Widely used in architecture, interior design, and basic 3D
SketchUp Windows/Mac/Web
modeling
Unity 3D Windows/Mac Game engine with built-in 3D animation and physics tools
Used for real-time rendering, games, films, and virtual
Unreal Engine Windows/Mac
production
Character design and posing; beginner-friendly with ready-made
Daz 3D Windows/Mac
assets
 Core Features of 3-D Tools
Feature Description

Modeling Creating 3D shapes using polygons, curves, or sculpting tools

Applying colors, materials, and surface detail (e.g., wood, metal,

Texturing
skin)

Rigging Creating a "skeleton" to animate characters or objects

Animation Defining how objects move, rotate, transform over time

Simulating light and shadows to create realistic (or stylized)

Lighting & Rendering
visuals

Simulation Effects like smoke, water, cloth, physics interactions

 Used In:

• Movies & Animation (Pixar, Marvel, etc.)

• Video Games (character and environment
design)
• Architecture (3D visualization of buildings)
• Engineering (product design, simulations)
• Education & Training (VR, interactive
simulations)
• 3D Printing (model design)
 Beginner-Friendly Tools to Start With:
• Tinkercad (great for schools and 3D printing)
• Blender (full-featured, free, massive
community)
• SketchUp (good for 3D layouts and interior
design)
 What Are Image Editing Tools?
• Image editing tools are software programs
used to modify, enhance, or manipulate
digital images. They allow users to adjust
colors, remove imperfections, add effects,
combine images, and prepare graphics for
various purposes.
 Popular Image Editing Tools
Tool Name Platform Best For

Industry standard for photo

Adobe Photoshop Windows/Mac editing, digital art, and
graphic design
GIMP (GNU Image Free, open-source alternative
Windows/Mac/Linux
Manipulation Program) to Photoshop
Easy-to-use drag-and-drop
Canva Web-based tool for graphics, posters, and
social media
Lightweight online photo
Pixlr Web-based editor with core editing
features
Online editor with filters and
Fotor Web/iOS/Android
one-click enhancements
 Popular Image Editing Tools Cont..
Tool Name Platform Best For

Free and simple editor for

[Link] Windows
basic image editing
Professional editor with one-
Affinity Photo Windows/Mac time purchase, good
Photoshop alternative
All-in-one tool for editing,
Photoscape X Windows/Mac collage making, batch editing,
and more
Mobile image editing with
Snapseed Android/iOS
advanced tools from Google
AI-powered photo editing for
Luminar Neo Windows/Mac fast adjustments and
enhancements
 Common Features in Image Editing Tools
Feature Description
Crop & Resize Adjust image dimensions
Color Correction Brightness, contrast, hue, saturation, white balance
Retouching Remove blemishes, red-eye, or unwanted objects
Filters & Effects Add visual styles (vintage, B&W, blur, etc.)
Layers Stack and edit image elements separately
Text & Shapes Add words, labels, icons, borders
Cutout & Masking Remove backgrounds or isolate subjects
Batch Processing Edit multiple images at once (resize, watermark, etc.)
Export Options Save in different formats: JPG, PNG, PSD, TIFF, etc.
 Used In:
• Photography & Photo Restoration
• Graphic Design & Logo Creation
• Social Media Marketing
• Web & App UI Design
• Education & Multimedia Projects
• Product & Fashion Retouching
 Beginner-Friendly Tools:
• Canva – great for non-designers making
posters or presentations
• Pixlr – online tool for quick edits
• [Link] – simple Windows app with layers
and effects
• Snapseed – excellent free photo editor for
mobile
 What Are Sound Editing Tools?
Sound editing tools (also called audio editors)
are software applications used to record, edit,
process, and mix audio files. They help users
clean up audio, adjust volume, cut/trim
sections, add effects, or mix multiple tracks.
 Popular Sound Editing Tools
Tool Name Platform Best For

Free, open-source editor for recording,

Audacity Windows/Mac/Linux
editing, and effects
Professional-grade editing, mixing,
Adobe Audition Windows/Mac
restoration, podcasting
Beginner-friendly tool for music
GarageBand macOS/iOS
creation and basic sound editing
Lightweight editor with real-time effects
Ocenaudio Windows/Mac/Linux
and simple interface

Full digital audio workstation (DAW)

Reaper Windows/Mac
with powerful editing tools

Easy-to-use audio editor for trimming,

WavePad Windows/Mac
effects, and formats
 Popular Sound Editing Tools Cont..
Tool Name Platform Best For

Music production suite (also

FL Studio Windows/Mac includes strong audio editing
features)
Advanced DAW for professional
Logic Pro X Mac
music and sound editing
Popular for live performance,
Ableton Live Windows/Mac
DJing, and audio production

Designed specifically for podcast

Hindenburg Journalist Windows/Mac
editing and voice narration
Key Features of Sound Editing Tools
Feature Description

Cut/Trim Remove unwanted parts of an audio clip

Noise Reduction Remove background noise, hum, or hiss

Equalization (EQ) Adjust frequency levels to improve clarity or tone

Multi-track Editing Combine music, vocals, sound effects across multiple layers

Audio Effects Add reverb, echo, fade in/out, distortion, etc.

Pitch/Tempo
Change voice pitch or music speed
Adjustment
Format Conversion Save/export to MP3, WAV, OGG, FLAC, etc.

Voice Recording Capture audio through a microphone for narration or vocals

Looping Repeat audio segments (especially useful in music and games)

 Used In:
• Multimedia Projects (narration, background
music, sound FX)
• Music Production
• Podcasting
• YouTube and Video Editing
• Game Development
• Radio/Broadcasting
 Beginner-Friendly Tools:

• Audacity – Free, powerful, and widely

supported
• GarageBand – Great for music beginners on
Mac/iOS
• Ocenaudio – Lightweight and easier than
Audacity for quick edits
 Animation Tools
Used for 2D or 3D animations — character
movements, motion graphics, etc.
 Tool Best For

Adobe Animate 2D animation for web, games, and cartoons

Toon Boom Harmony TV and film-quality 2D animation

Blender 3D animation, rigging, rendering (free & open-source)

Pencil2D Simple, open-source 2D animation tool

OpenToonz Free 2D animation used by Studio Ghibli

Synfig Studio Open-source vector-based 2D animation

 Video Editing Tools
Used to cut, arrange, and edit videos, with audio, transitions, effects, and titles.

Tool Best For

Adobe Premiere Pro Industry-standard for film and TV editing

Final Cut Pro (Mac) Advanced editing for professionals on macOS

Free + Pro version; powerful for color correction and

DaVinci Resolve
editing

iMovie (Mac/iOS) Beginner-friendly editor with templates and transitions

Shotcut Free and open-source video editing software

Easy-to-use editor for YouTubers and social media

Filmora
content
 . Digital Movie Tools
• Used to produce, direct, and finalize digital
films — combining animation, video, VFX,
audio, and storytelling.
Tool Best For

Adobe After
Effects Visual effects, motion graphics, and compositing

HitFilm
Express Free tool with editing + VFX capabilities

Screen recording + video editing (great for

Camtasia tutorials)
Video and audio editing with effects and
Vegas Pro transitions
Plan and visualize scenes before movie
Storyboarder production
 Key Features
Feature Description

Arrange media clips and animation on a

Timeline Editing
timeline

Transitions & Effects Apply fades, wipes, zooms, filters, etc.

Green Screen (Chroma Keying) Replace background with another scene
Titles & Captions Add text overlays, credits, and subtitles

Add background music, narration, or

Audio Syncing
sound effects

Export project into MP4, MOV, or other

Rendering
formats

Pre-visualize scenes for smoother

Storyboard/Planning
production
 Used In:
• Film and Animation Studios
• YouTube and Social Media Content
• TV Commercials and Product Videos
• Educational Videos and Tutorials
• Game Cutscenes and Character Animation
• Corporate Presentations and Explainers
 Recommended for Beginners:
• iMovie or Filmora (for simple video edits)
• Pencil2D or OpenToonz (for starting 2D
animation)
• Blender (for free 3D animation and movies)
• Camtasia (for screencasts and tutorials)
 What Is Instant Multimedia?
• Instant Multimedia is the rapid creation of content
that combines:
Text
Images
Audio
Video
Animation or transitions
• It’s typically made using template-based or drag-and-
drop tools, requiring little to no programming or
design expertise.
 Tools for Making Instant Multimedia
Tool Name Purpose Key Features

Templates, drag-and-drop,
Canva Graphics & video
video clips, music

Slide transitions,
Microsoft
Presentations animations, audio/video
PowerPoint
insertion

Easy sharing, media

Google Slides Cloud presentations
embedding, collaboration

Auto-video from
Animoto Video creation
images/music, templates

Converts blog/text to
Lumen5 Social media videos
animated video
Tools for Making Instant Multimedia cont..
Tool Name Purpose Key Features

Ready-to-edit cartoon
Powtoon Animated presentations
templates

Logo animations, explainer

Renderforest Video creation
videos

Instant tutorials and

Camtasia Screencasting + editing multimedia
demonstrations

Posters, reels, and short

Adobe Express Fast design & animation
social videos
 Steps to Make Instant Multimedia
• Choose a Tool (e.g., Canva, PowerPoint, Powtoon)
• Pick a Template (presentation, video, animation, etc.)
• Insert Content:
Text (titles, subtitles, descriptions)
Images (photos, icons)
Audio (background music, narration)
Video clips (if needed)
• Add Effects or Transitions (fade-in, zoom, animation)
• Preview and Edit for clarity and flow
• Export or Share (e.g., as a video file or presentation
link)
 Where It's Used
• Education: Teachers creating video lessons,
students making projects
• Marketing: Social media reels, product demos
• Business: Pitch decks, client presentations
• Events: Invitations, photo slideshows
• Training: Quick how-to videos and explainer
modules
 Benefits of Instant Multimedia
• Saves time
• No deep technical skills needed
• Easily editable and reusable
• Engaging for the audience
 Linking Multimedia Objects in Office Suite
(e.g., MS Office)
• Linking multimedia objects in an Office Suite
(like Microsoft Office, LibreOffice, or Google
Workspace) allows you to integrate audio,
video, images, and hyperlinks into your
documents, presentations, or spreadsheets.
This enhances interactivity and engagement in
multimedia projects.
Common Office Suite Applications:
• Microsoft Word (word processing)
• Microsoft PowerPoint (presentations)
• Microsoft Excel (spreadsheets)
• LibreOffice Writer/Impress/Calc
• Google Docs, Slides, Sheets
 Types of Multimedia Objects You Can Link

Object Type Can Link or Embed

Images ✔ Insert or link from file/cloud

Audio ✔ Embed or hyperlink to audio files

Video ✔ Embed YouTube/video or link to file

Documents ✔ Link to PDFs or Office files

Web URLs ✔ Hyperlinks to websites

Interactive Charts ✔ Insert or link via Excel/Sheets

 How to Link Multimedia in MS Office
(Word/PowerPoint)
1. Inserting/Linking Images
• Go to Insert > Pictures
• Choose from: This Device, Stock Images,
Online Pictures
• For linking instead of embedding:
Use Insert > Link > Insert as Link (in some
versions)
 2. Adding Hyperlinks

• Select text or image

• Click Insert > Link (Ctrl + K)
• Enter a URL, file path, or document location
 3. Inserting Audio

• PowerPoint: Insert > Audio > Audio on My PC

• Can also record directly (Insert > Audio >
Record Audio)
• You can link audio instead of embedding to
reduce file size
 4. Inserting Video

• PowerPoint: Insert > Video

– From PC: Insert > Video on My PC
– From Web: Insert > Online Video (YouTube or
embed code)
 5. Linking Excel Charts into Word/PowerPoint

• Copy chart from Excel

• In Word/PowerPoint: Paste Special > Paste
Link
• This keeps the chart linked to Excel — updates
automatically
 Linked vs Embedded Objects

Embedded Linked
File is stored
File is stored externally and
within the
referenced
document
Larger file size Smaller file size

Requires access to original file

Always available
location
Doesn’t update
Updates when source file changes
automatically
Benefits of Linking Multimedia Objects
• Makes documents dynamic and interactive
• Reduces overall file size
• Allows real-time updates when linking charts or
documents
• Useful for multimedia presentations, reports, and
e-learning
Caution:
• Linked files must be kept in the same location or
correctly pathed, otherwise they may not load
• Embedded multimedia increases document size
and may slow performance
Multimedia Authoring Tools – An Overview

• Multimedia authoring tools are software

applications used to create interactive
multimedia content by combining text,
images, audio, video, animation, and
interactivity. These tools allow users to design,
organize, and present multimedia elements
for various purposes such as e-learning,
games, presentations, and web applications.
 What Do Authoring Tools Do?
They allow users to:
• Integrate multimedia elements
• Create interactive content
• Set navigation and timing
• Export to usable formats (HTML5, apps,
executables, etc.)
Key Features of Multimedia Authoring Tools

Feature Description
Arrange content over time (e.g., animation or
Timeline Editing
narration)
Add logic or interactivity using scripting (e.g.,
Script/Code Support
JavaScript, ActionScript)
"What You See Is What You Get" drag-and-drop
WYSIWYG Interface
editing
Media Management Import and organize text, images, video, audio
Interactive Buttons &
Allow user navigation and interaction
Links
Templates & Themes Speeds up content creation with pre-made designs

Export Options Publish for web, desktop, or mobile devices

 Types of Authoring Tools
Type Description Examples

Use "cards" or screens for

Card-based Tools HyperCard, ToolBook
navigation

Visual icons represent

Icon-based Tools Authorware
functions and media

Arrange media on a Adobe Animate, Adobe

Time-based Tools
timeline Flash (legacy)

Combine elements on PowerPoint, Google

Page-based Tools
virtual “pages” Slides

Pre-built structures for Camtasia, Articulate

Template-based Tools
rapid development Storyline, iSpring Suite
 Popular Multimedia Authoring Tools
Tool Platform Best For

Adobe Animate Windows/Mac 2D animation and interactive

web content
Articulate Storyline Windows E-learning modules, quizzes

iSpring Suite Windows PowerPoint-based

interactive content
Adobe Captivate Windows/Mac E-learning, simulations
Video tutorials with
Camtasia Windows/Mac
interactions

Toon Boom Harmony Windows/Mac Professional animation

production

Unity Windows/Mac Game-based learning,

simulations

Scratch Web/Windows/Mac Simple, interactive learning

projects (great for kids)
 Used In:
• E-learning development
• Educational software
• Digital storytelling
• Interactive presentations
• Training simulations
• Game design and prototyping
Benefits of Multimedia Authoring Tools
• No need for advanced programming
• Faster content creation
• Enhances engagement and interactivity
• Supports multiple formats and platforms
 Object-Oriented Authoring Tools
• Object-Oriented Authoring Tools are a type of
multimedia authoring software that use the
concept of objects (like buttons, images, video
clips, or animations) as the core building
blocks. Each object has its own properties,
methods, and events, and they can interact
with each other based on predefined
behaviors.
What Does "Object-Oriented" Mean in This
Context?
• Each media element (image, video, button, etc.) is
treated as an object
• Objects can have:
Properties (e.g., size, color, position)
Methods (e.g., play, pause, move)
Events (e.g., onClick, onHover, onLoad)
• Users can define how objects interact through
scripting or a visual interface
• Supports modularity, reusability, and scalability in
multimedia project design
 Key Features of Object-Oriented Authoring
Tools
Feature Description

Visual or Script-Based
Users manipulate objects via drag-and-drop or code
Control

Event-Driven Design Objects respond to user input or other triggers

Reusable Components Create and reuse multimedia objects across projects

Encapsulation Objects hold their own data and functionality

Hierarchy and
Objects can be grouped and nested
Grouping

Dynamic Interaction Media elements can interact based on user behavior

 Examples of Object-Oriented Authoring Tools
Tool Platform Description
Supports ActionScript (object-
Adobe Animate
Windows/Mac oriented scripting) for interactive
(formerly Flash)
content
Icon-based, supports object
Authorware (legacy) Windows
interaction and learning modules
Page and object-based learning
ToolBook (legacy) Windows
tool
Game engine with multimedia
Unity Windows/Mac
interactivity using C# scripting
Director (Adobe Windows/Mac Used Lingo scripting with an object-
Shockwave) (discontinued) oriented approach
Drag-and-drop game and
Construct Web/Windows interaction creation with event-
based object control
Object-based scripting for
LiveCode Windows/Mac/Linux
multimedia apps and learning tools
 Where Are They Used?
• Interactive learning modules
• Games and simulations
• Kiosk and museum displays
• Multimedia-based training
• Web and mobile apps
 Advantages of Object-Oriented Authoring
Tools
Benefit Explanation

Modular Development Objects can be reused and updated easily

Interactive Capabilities Enables responsive and engaging content

Efficient Workflow Less duplication, more structured development

Better Maintenance Changes to one object update all instances

Note:
• Some of these tools (e.g., Adobe Director,
ToolBook) are now outdated or discontinued.
• Modern alternatives like Unity, Adobe
Animate, and Construct carry forward the
object-oriented model with better support for
web and mobile platforms.
 Cross-Platform Authoring Tools
• Cross-platform authoring tools are
multimedia development tools that enable
you to create content once and deploy it
across multiple platforms and devices — such
as Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, and the
web — without rewriting code for each
system.
 Definition
• A cross-platform authoring tool allows the
creation of multimedia content that can:
• Run on different operating systems
• Be viewed on multiple devices (PCs, tablets,
smartphones)
• Be exported in formats supported by various
environments (e.g., HTML5, APK, EXE)
 Key Features
Feature Description

Multi-format Output Export to web, mobile apps, desktop software

Adjust layout and media for different screen

Responsive Design
sizes

Code Reusability Write once, run anywhere

Cloud Compatibility Some tools support online access and editing

Supports images, audio, video, animation,

Media Integration
interactivity

Preview on Multiple Devices Built-in emulators or device testers

 Examples of Cross-Platform Authoring Tools
Tool Output Platforms Notes

Windows, Mac, Android, iOS, Ideal for games and

Unity
WebGL, consoles interactive media
HTML5, Web, iOS, Android, Supports animations and web
Adobe Animate
Windows, macOS applications
HTML5, LMS, desktop, E-learning content for
Lectora Inspire/Online
mobile multiple platforms
Web (HTML5), mobile, Rapid e-learning
Articulate Storyline 360
desktop development
Drag-and-drop game engine
Construct Web, Android, iOS
with cross-platform output
Mobile app development
Xamarin iOS, Android, Windows
using C#
iOS, Android, Web, Windows,
Flutter Google’s UI toolkit for apps
macOS, Linux
Cordova/PhoneGap (now Formerly used for hybrid
Web-based mobile apps
deprecated) apps using HTML, CSS, JS
 Benefits of Cross-Platform Authoring

Benefit Explanation

Cost-effective One codebase saves time and resources

Content is available to users on

Wider reach
different devices

Faster development Less duplication in code and design

Uniform user experience across

Consistent UX
platforms
 Limitations to Consider
Limitation Description

Performance Issues May not match native app

speed or graphics

Design Limitations Some features may not work

the same on all platforms

Platform Dependencies Needs regular testing across

devices and OS versions
 Applications in Real Life
• E-learning Modules: Created once and
accessed on mobile, tablet, or desktop
• Games: Deployed on web, mobile, and
consoles from a single project
• Interactive Presentations: Delivered through
web browsers on any OS
• Marketing Content: Videos and animations
embedded in websites, apps, or presentations
 Summary
• Cross-platform authoring tools simplify the
process of creating and deploying multimedia
across many devices and platforms. They save
time, reduce cost, and increase accessibility,
making them ideal for education,
development, business, and digital
storytelling.
UNIT III
 Text: The Power of Meaning – Overview

"The Power of Meaning" refers to how text

plays a central role in multimedia by delivering
clarity, context, emotion, and structure to
other media elements like images, audio, and
video.
 What Is Text in Multimedia?
Text is written or typed language displayed in
multimedia formats.
• It is used for:
• Titles and headings
• Labels and descriptions
• Navigation and buttons
• Captions and subtitles
• Instructions or narration
 Why Text Has the Power of Meaning

Power Explanation

Clarity Text explains visuals or audio that may be unclear

Accessibility Helps people who cannot hear or see multimedia fully

Emphasis Highlights important points (bold, colors, size)

Emotion & Tone Fonts, word choice, and formatting convey feeling

Guides users through interactive elements (menus,

Direction
buttons)
Viewers remember written words more easily
Memory Retention
alongside visuals
Uses of Text in Multimedia Applications

Area Use of Text

Study material, quiz questions, labels
Education
in diagrams
Websites Navigation bars, product info, buttons

Games Instructions, dialogues, score displays

Advertising Taglines, slogans, calls-to-action

Film/Video Subtitles, opening credits, annotations

Design Tips for Effective Text in Multimedia

• Use readable fonts (Sans-serif for screens)

• Maintain proper contrast (light text on dark
background or vice versa)
• Avoid overloading with too much text
• Use animations (e.g., fade-in) sparingly for
emphasis
• Align text with visuals and audio for a cohesive
message
Note:
Text is not just decoration—it gives meaning. It
organizes, supports, and amplifies the impact
of other media. In multimedia, text remains a
powerful communication tool that bridges
the gap between understanding and
experience.
 Fonts and Faces in Multimedia Design
• Fonts and faces are critical elements of text in
multimedia. They affect how information is
read, understood, and emotionally perceived
by the audience. Choosing the right font face
helps reinforce your message and enhances
the user experience.
 What Is a Font and a Font Face?
• Font: A specific size, weight, and style of a
typeface (e.g., Arial Bold 12pt).
• Font Face (Typeface): The design/style of the
text characters (e.g., Times New Roman,
Helvetica, Comic Sans).
Note: Today, “font” and “font face” are often
used interchangeably in digital media.
 Font Categories (Types of Font Faces)

Font Type Description Examples Best Use

Fonts with small lines or Times New Roman, Print, formal or

Serif
“feet” at ends of letters Georgia academic content
Digital screens,
Clean, no decorative Arial, Helvetica,
Sans-Serif websites, modern
lines Verdana
look
Looks like handwriting Invitations, elegant or
Script Brush Script, Pacifico
or calligraphy creative use

Display/ Stylized, for headlines or Posters, logos, short

Impact, Jokerman
Decorative branding headings

Each letter has equal Courier New, Coding, typewriter-

Monospaced
width Consolas style designs
 Why Fonts Matter in Multimedia
Purpose Effect
Visual Fonts help organize information (titles, subtitles,
Hierarchy body text)
Readability Proper fonts make content easy to scan and read
Tone and Fonts express mood: formal, playful, serious,
Emotion exciting
Fonts convey the personality of a brand or
Brand Identity
message
Clean fonts improve reading for users with
Accessibility
visual or learning impairments
 Tips for Choosing Fonts in Multimedia
Projects
• Use no more than 2–3 fonts per project
• Ensure good contrast between text and
background
• Prefer sans-serif fonts for screen readability
• Avoid overly stylized fonts for body text
• Maintain consistency across slides or pages
• Use bold/italic for emphasis sparingly
 Text in Multimedia Computers
• Text plays a vital role in multimedia
computing. It is not only a medium of
communication but also a tool to enhance
user interaction, understanding, and
navigation across multimedia systems.
 What Is Text in Multimedia?
In multimedia computing, text refers to any
alphanumeric characters displayed on a
computer screen, including:
• Titles and headings
• Instructions and tooltips
• Captions and subtitles
• Hyperlinks
• Buttons and menus
• Labels and annotations
 Purposes of Text in Multimedia
Purpose Explanation

Transmits ideas, information, and instructions

Communication
clearly
Guides users through interactive elements (menus,
Navigation
buttons)

Emphasis Highlights key messages or actions

Complementing Media Describes images, videos, or audio content

Helps people with hearing or cognitive

Accessibility
impairments through readable content
 Key Ways Text Is Used in Multimedia
Computers
Instructional Text
• Describes how to use a program or feature
• Appears in tutorials, help menus, e-learning
modules
Interactive Text
• Used in buttons, dropdowns, and forms
• Allows user input or interaction (e.g., quiz
questions)
Descriptive Text
• Captions for images and videos
• Provides additional context or background
Narrative Text
• Storylines in games or simulations
• On-screen reading content in educational
tools
Decorative or Branding Text
• Stylized text for logos, splash screens, titles
• Enhances visual appeal and brand identity
 Best Practices for Using Text in Multimedia

Tip Why It Matters

Use readable fonts (e.g.,

Ensures text is easy to read
Arial, Verdana)
Limit font styles to 2–3 per
Maintains visual consistency
project
Choose appropriate size and
Enhances legibility on various screens
spacing

Use color contrast wisely Improves visibility and accessibility

Avoid text overload Keeps users focused and reduces cognitive load
 Applications of Text in Multimedia
Computers
Application Area Role of Text

Explains concepts, asks questions, provides

Educational Software
feedback
Multimedia
Titles, bullet points, speaker notes
Presentations

Web Design Site structure, content, SEO keywords

Games Dialogue, instructions, scoring

Mobile Apps Menus, notifications, labels

Note:
• In multimedia computing, text acts as both a
guide and a communicator. When designed
properly, it enhances the effectiveness of
visual and audio elements, making multimedia
content more interactive, accessible, and
meaningful.
 Text: Font Editing and Design Tools in
Multimedia
• Font editing and design tools are specialized
software applications used to create,
customize, or modify typefaces (fonts).
• In multimedia, fonts play a major role in
shaping the tone, style, and readability of
content. Custom-designed fonts can add
uniqueness and improve brand identity in
multimedia applications such as games,
websites, presentations, and mobile apps.
 What Are Font Editing and Design Tools?

These are tools that allow users to:

• Design new fonts from scratch
• Edit existing fonts (adjust shapes, spacing,
kerning)
• Convert handwriting to fonts
• Export fonts in various file formats (e.g., TTF,
OTF, WOFF)
• Preview fonts in different screen or print
layouts
 Popular Font Editing and Design Tools
Tool Platform Features
Open-source font editor
FontForge Windows, Mac, Linux
supporting TTF, OTF, SVG

Professional font creation

Glyphs macOS
tool with scripting support

Simple interface, great for

BirdFont Windows, Mac, Linux
beginners

Advanced design and

FontCreator Windows
modification features

Create fonts using

Adobe Illustrator + Fontself Windows, Mac
Illustrator shapes

Turns handwriting into a

Calligraphr Web-based
custom font easily

Python-powered, used by
RoboFont macOS
professional type designers
 What Can You Do with These Tools?
• Draw and shape each letter (glyph)
• Adjust spacing, kerning, and metrics
• Import hand-drawn letters via scan or stylus
• Add ligatures (e.g., fi, fl)
• Export for use on web, desktop, or mobile
platforms
 Common Output Formats

Format Use Case

TTF (TrueType
Compatible with most systems and software
Font)
OTF (OpenType
Advanced typographic features
Font)

WOFF/WOFF2 Web-optimized fonts

SVG Fonts Scalable vector fonts for web use

 Applications in Multimedia
Area Role of Custom Fonts

Games Stylized fonts for titles, UI, fantasy worlds

Branding Unique fonts for logos or slogans

Text styles matching animated characters or

Animation
scenes

Web Design Custom typography enhances UX and aesthetics

E-learning Clear, readable fonts improve comprehension

Benefits of Using Font Editing Tools
• Unique visual identity
• Better design control
• Enhanced readability and UX
• Compatibility with various output devices
 Things to Consider
• Licensing issues if modifying commercial fonts
• Testing on different screen sizes and browsers
• Accessibility: ensure fonts are legible for all
users
 Summary
• Font editing tools empower multimedia
creators to craft custom, expressive, and
highly functional text. Whether for branding,
storytelling, or usability, these tools allow
precise control over how your message is
visually delivered.
Hypermedia and Hypertext in Multimedia

• Hypermedia and hypertext are foundational

concepts in multimedia systems and web
development.
• They refer to how text, images, video, sound,
and links are connected in a non-linear
structure, allowing users to interactively
explore and navigate through information.
 1. What Is Hypertext?
• Hypertext is text that contains links to other
texts or documents.
• These links (called hyperlinks) allow the user
to jump from one piece of information to
another instantly.
• Example: Clicking on a word in a webpage that
takes you to a definition or related article.
 Features of Hypertext:
• Non-linear navigation
• Text-based linking
• Enables quick referencing
• Common in websites, e-books, online help
systems
 2. What Is Hypermedia?
Hypermedia is an extension of hypertext that
includes multimedia elements like:
• Images
• Audio
• Video
• Animations
• Interactive graphics
It allows users to interact with and navigate through
a rich, interconnected media experience.
 Features of Hypermedia:
• Combines text with multimedia
• Interactive and user-controlled
• Common in web pages, multimedia
presentations, learning apps
 Difference Between Hypertext and
Hypermedia
Feature Hypertext Hypermedia

Text + multimedia (images,

Content Type Text only
video, audio, etc.)

Navigation Via text links Via text and multimedia links

YouTube video with clickable

Example Wikipedia articles
annotations
Technology Used in documents Used in websites, educational
Use and websites apps, multimedia software
Applications of Hypertext and Hypermedia

Area Application Example

Education E-learning modules with videos, quizzes, notes

Web Design Websites with navigation menus, image maps

Games Interactive storytelling with choices

Help
In-software documentation with links
Systems
Marketing Multimedia product catalogs with interactive demos
 Advantages
• Enhances interactivity
• Facilitates non-linear learning and exploration
• Improves user engagement and content
retention
• Enables rich media integration
 Challenges
• Overuse of links can confuse users
• Requires good design for intuitive navigation
• Multimedia content may slow performance if
not optimized
 Conclusion
• Hypertext allows navigation through text-
based information, while hypermedia
enriches that experience by adding interactive
multimedia elements.
• Together, they form the backbone of the
modern web and interactive multimedia
systems, making content more dynamic, user-
friendly, and engaging.
Sound: The Power of Sound in Multimedia

• Sound is a powerful element in multimedia,

capable of influencing emotions, improving
comprehension, and enhancing interaction. It
brings life to visual elements and helps create
immersive, engaging multimedia experiences.
 What Is Sound in Multimedia?
In multimedia, sound refers to any form of audio
content, including:
• Voice narration
• Music and background scores
• Sound effects (SFX)
• Alerts and notifications
• Dialogue in video or animation
 Why Sound Is Powerful in Multimedia
Power Description
Emotion Music and sound effects evoke feelings (joy,
suspense, fear, etc.)
Attention Alerts or sound cues draw the user’s focus to
key actions
Understanding Voiceovers or spoken instructions aid
comprehension
Realism Environmental sounds (e.g. wind, water,
footsteps) increase immersion
Interactivity Sounds in response to user actions (clicks,
wins, errors) enhance engagement
Memory Audio aids in remembering information,
Retention especially in e-learning
 Uses of Sound in Multimedia
Area Role of Sound

Education Narration, audio lessons, pronunciation guides

Entertainmen
t Background music, character voices, action SFX

Advertising Catchy jingles, voiceovers, sound branding

Background audio, achievements, and character
Games dialogue
Web and
Apps Notification sounds, voice feedback
Film/ Syncing dialogue, music, ambient sounds for
Animation mood setting
 Types of Sound in Multimedia
• Narration – Explains or tells a story
• Dialogue – Character conversations in videos
or games
• Music – Sets mood or tone
• Sound Effects (SFX) – Enhance realism (e.g.,
explosions, typing, doors opening)
• Ambient Sounds – Background environment
(e.g., birds chirping, street noise)
 Best Practices for Using Sound
• Keep volume levels balanced
• Use high-quality recordings
• Avoid unnecessary or distracting audio
• Make sound optional or provide captions for
accessibility
• Sync sound correctly with visuals
 Conclusion

• Sound enhances multimedia by creating an

emotional and sensory connection.
• It transforms passive viewing into an active
experience, making content more compelling,
memorable, and meaningful.
 Multimedia System Sound Overview

Sound in multimedia systems can be produced,

edited, and shared using different
technologies and standards.
Two key methods of sound representation are
MIDI and Digital Audio.
 1. 🎹 MIDI vs. Digital Audio
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital
Feature Digital Audio
Interface)

Instructions for sound playback Actual sound wave

Description
(notes, pitch, duration) recordings

File Size Very small Larger

Consistent high-quality
Quality Depends on playback device
sound
Highly flexible (change tempo, Limited to sound editing,
Editing
instruments) not note changes
Used for music creation, games, Used for voice, sound
Usage
mobile tones effects, background music
 2. 🎼 Making MIDI Audio
MIDI files are created using:
• Digital keyboards
• MIDI sequencers
• MIDI-compatible software like GarageBand or FL
Studio
Steps:
• Select instruments (e.g., piano, drums).
• Record notes and rhythms.
• Adjust tempo, key, and volume.
• Save as .mid file.
 3. 🎵 Audio File Formats
Format Description Common Use
Uncompressed, high-
WAV Professional recording
quality audio
Compressed, smaller
MP3 Streaming, mobile apps
size
Apple’s high-quality
AIFF Macintosh systems
audio format
Instructions, not actual
MIDI Music programming
sound
AAC Advanced compression Apple Music, iTunes

OGG Open-source format Gaming, web audio

4. 🍏 Working with Sound on Macintosh
• Native support for AIFF, MP3, and AAC.
• Compatible sound tools
GarageBand
Logic Pro
QuickTime for audio playback
• Macintosh integrates sound easily into
multimedia projects using drag-and-drop and
audio libraries.
 5. 🎼 Notation Interchange File Format
(NIFF)
• NIFF is a file format used to exchange musical
notation between different music software.
• Useful in:
Sheet music publishing
Music editing and scoring
• Supports detailed notation like dynamics,
tempo markings, and lyrics.
6. 🎤 Adding Sound to Multimedia Projects

You can add:

• Background music
• Sound effects
• Voiceovers
• Interactive audio cues
Tools:
• Adobe Premiere, Final Cut Pro (for videos)
• PowerPoint, Keynote (for presentations)
• Unity, Unreal Engine (for games)
Steps:
• Import sound files.
• Synchronize sound with visual elements.
• Adjust volume levels.
• Test playback on multiple devices.
7. 🔴 Towards Professional Sound: The Red
Book Standard
• Red Book Standard refers to the CD-DA
(Compact Disc Digital Audio) format.
Key specifications:
• Audio sample rate: 44.1 kHz
• Bit depth: 16-bit
• Stereo sound
It is the global standard for professional audio
CDs.
 8. Production Tips for Quality Sound
• Use high-quality microphones and recording
devices.
• Minimize background noise.
• Normalize sound levels to avoid volume jumps.
• Use sound-editing software (e.g., Audacity, Pro
Tools).
• Ensure file format compatibility for your platform.
• Always test on multiple speakers and headphones.
 🧾 Summary Table
Topic Key Point

MIDI vs. Digital Audio MIDI: Instructions, small size / Digital:

Actual sound, large files
Making MIDI Audio Create using sequencers and MIDI software
Audio File Formats WAV, MP3, AIFF, MIDI, AAC, OGG
Working with Sound on Use GarageBand, Logic Pro, native format
Macintosh support
NIFF Exchange musical notation files

Adding Sound Backgrounds, effects, voiceovers via

multimedia software

Red Book Standard Professional CD audio standard (44.1 kHz,

16-bit, stereo)

Production Tips Use good equipment, edit carefully, test

sound quality
UNIT IV
 Image: Making Still Images and Color
Image Formats
• In multimedia, still images are essential
components that add visual depth,
communicate ideas quickly, and support other
media like text, audio, and video.
 📸 Making Still Images
1. What Are Still Images?
• Still images are static pictures without
movement or animation.
• They can be photographs, digital illustrations,
diagrams, or scanned images.
 2. Sources of Still Images:
Source Example
Digital Cameras Photographs

Scanners Printed photos, artwork,

documents
Painting & Created using software like
Drawing Tools Photoshop, CorelDRAW
Stock Image Shutterstock, Unsplash
Libraries
Screenshots Capturing on-screen images
 3. Image Creation Tools:
• Adobe Photoshop
• CorelDRAW
• GIMP
• MS Paint
• Canva (for web-based creation)
 🎨 Color Image Formats
• Different file formats store still images in
different ways, especially in how they handle
color, compression, and transparency.
Format Features Best Use
Lossy compression, millions of Photographs, web
JPEG (.jpg)
colors images
Web graphics, images
PNG (.png) Lossless, supports needing clear
transparency backgrounds
Limited to 256 colors, supports Simple graphics, icons,
GIF (.gif) animation animations

High-quality printing,
BMP (.bmp) Uncompressed, large file size editing

Professional printing,
TIFF (.tif) Lossless, excellent for editing archiving
SVG (.svg) Scalable vector format Web logos, illustrations
Professional
RAW Unprocessed camera data photography, image
editing
 📚 Comparison of Color Image Formats:
Compressio Transparen
Format Animation Color Depth
n cy
JPEG Lossy No No 24-bit

PNG Lossless Yes No 24-bit

8-bit (256
GIF Lossy Yes Yes
colors)
BMP None No No Up to 24-bit

TIFF Lossless Yes No 24-bit+

SVG N/A (Vector) Yes No Scalable

RAW None No No Unprocessed

Factors to Consider When Choosing Image
Formats:
• File size vs. quality (JPEG for small size, TIFF
for quality)
• Transparency needs (PNG, GIF)
• Web use vs. print (JPEG, PNG for web; TIFF,
BMP for print)
• Animation requirements (GIF)
 🧾 Summary:
• Still images are key elements in multimedia.
• They can be created, scanned, or downloaded.
• Color image formats vary based on
compression, color depth, and use case.
• Choosing the right format ensures optimal
quality, performance, and compatibility.
 🎥 Animation: The Power of Motion,
Principles of Animation, and Making
Animation that Works
The Power of Motion in Animation
• Animation is a key multimedia element that brings
life and movement to otherwise static images.
Motion:
• Grabs attention quickly
• Explains complex ideas visually
• Creates emotional impact and storytelling depth
• Enhances user interaction and engagement
Why Motion Is Powerful:
• Adds realism and personality to characters.
• Simplifies complex sequences (e.g.
instructional animations).
• Makes content more memorable.
• Provides visual feedback in user interfaces.
 🎬 Principles of Animation
• Developed by Disney animators, the 12
Principles of Animation are essential to
creating smooth, believable, and engaging
animations.
 Principle Description

1. Squash and Stretch Shows weight and flexibility of objects.

2. Anticipation Prepares the viewer for the main action.

3. Staging Directs the audience's attention to the most important parts.

4. Straight Ahead Action & Two techniques for creating motion (frame-by-frame or key
Pose-to-Pose poses).
5. Follow Through &
Shows that parts of the body or objects move at different speeds.
Overlapping Action
6. Slow In and Slow Out Motion starts and ends slowly for natural feel.

7. Arc Movement follows a natural arc, not straight lines.

8. Secondary Action Additional movements to enrich the main action.

9. Timing Number of frames affects the speed and feel of the action.
Pushes movements beyond realism to make them more
10. Exaggeration
expressive.
11. Solid Drawing Proper understanding of volume, weight, and balance.

12. Appeal Characters should have charm and visual interest.

 🎨 Making Animation That Works
To create effective animation in multimedia,
follow these best practices:

• 1. Plan the Animation (Storyboarding)

Create a visual script of scenes and actions.
Define key frames and movements.
2. Choose the Right Tools
• 2D Animation: Adobe Animate, Toon Boom
• 3D Animation: Blender, Maya
• Simple Animation: PowerPoint, Canva, web
animation tools
3. Keep It Purposeful
• Animation should enhance the message, not
distract from it.
4. Balance Speed and Timing
• Avoid making animations too fast or too slow.
• Use smooth transitions to maintain attention.
5. Test the Animation
• Run animations on different devices and
platforms.
• Adjust if there is lag or visual distortion.
 🎯 Types of Animation in Multimedia
Type Example

2D Animation Cartoons, explainer videos

3D Animation Games, movies like Toy Story

Stop Motion Clay animation, paper cut-outs

Motion Graphics Animated text, logos

Interactive
Games, web UI elements
Animation
 🧾 Summary

• Animation adds life to multimedia through

motion.
• Following the principles of animation ensures
realistic and appealing results.
• Effective animation is well-planned,
purposeful, and tested across platforms.
 🎥 Video in Multimedia: Concepts,
Standards, and Techniques
• Video is one of the most powerful multimedia
elements. It combines visuals, sound, and
motion to communicate ideas, tell stories, and
engage audiences.
 🎬 1. Using Video in Multimedia
Video is used to:
• Demonstrate products or processes
• Deliver lectures and tutorials
• Tell stories in entertainment
• Create dynamic advertisements
• Enhance websites, games, and presentations
Benefits:
• Increases audience engagement
• Enhances emotional impact
• Supports complex visual explanations
 ⚙️2. How Video Works
Video is a sequence of still images (frames) displayed
rapidly (usually 24-30 frames per second) to create the
illusion of motion.
• Each frame contains a complete image.
• Audio and video are synchronized to create a seamless
experience.
Key Terms:
• Frame Rate: Number of frames displayed per second
(fps)
• Resolution: Number of pixels in each frame (e.g.,
1920x1080)
• Aspect Ratio: Frame width to height ratio (e.g., 16:9)
📺 3. Broadcast Video Standards
Different regions use different video formats and
standards.

Standard Region Frame Rate Resolution

North America,
NTSC 29.97 fps 720x480
Japan
Europe, Asia,
PAL 25 fps 720x576
Australia
France, Russia,
SECAM 25 fps 720x576
Africa
4. Integrated Computer and Television
• Modern computers and televisions are
interconnected:
– Smart TVs can browse the internet.
– Computers can stream or play TV content.
• Convergence Technologies:
– HDMI cables
– Streaming services (Netflix, YouTube)
– Media sharing apps
 🎥 5. Shooting and Editing Videos
Shooting Tips:
• Use stable camera support (tripod)
• Pay attention to lighting and background
• Capture clear audio using external
microphones
• Follow the rule of thirds for framing shots
Editing Tips:
• Use tools like Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut
Pro, or iMovie
• Trim unnecessary footage
• Add transitions, effects, and soundtracks
• Ensure proper synchronization of audio and
video
• Export in the appropriate format and
resolution
 6. Video Production Tips
• Plan using storyboards and shot lists.
• Record extra footage for flexibility.
• Use consistent camera angles and lighting.
• Compress videos carefully to balance quality
and file size.
• Always test final videos on various devices.
 💾 7. Recording Formats
Format Description Use

Digital Video, common on

DV Personal and semi-professional
camcorders

Advanced video compression

AVCHD Camcorders, Blu-ray
for HD

MOV Apple video format Editing and playback on Mac

Highly compressed, widely

MP4 Web, mobile, general use
supported

Older format, less

AVI Archival and Windows systems
compressed
 📹 8. Digital Video
• Digital video captures electronic signals as
digital data.
• Advantages:
– Easy to edit, store, and share
– High-quality sound and image
– Efficient compression options
• Common in:
– Online streaming
– Mobile video recording
– Digital cinematography
 🧾 Summary Table
Topic Key Point

Using Video Engages audiences through sound and motion

How Video Works Frames per second create motion illusion

Broadcast Standards NTSC, PAL, SECAM for different regions

Integrated Systems Computers and TVs now interconnected

Shooting & Editing Requires planning, good lighting, clear audio

Video Tips Use storyboards, stable shots, compress carefully

Recording Formats DV, AVCHD, MP4, MOV for various uses

Digital Video Easily edited, stored, and streamed

UNIT V
📋 Planning, Costing, Designing, Producing,
and Delivering Multimedia Projects

• Creating a multimedia project involves careful

planning, budgeting, content management,
and choosing the right delivery platforms.
Each phase is crucial to ensure a successful,
professional outcome.
 1. Project Planning
Project planning lays the foundation for a
multimedia project.
Key Steps:
• Define project objectives
• Identify target audience
• Create a project timeline
• Assign team roles and responsibilities
• Develop a detailed workflow and milestones
 💰 2. Estimation
Estimating involves predicting the time, cost,
and resources needed for:
• Software and hardware
• Talent (designers, developers, voice artists)
• Content creation and licensing
• Testing and distribution
• Project management and overheads
📝 3. RFPs (Requests for Proposals) and Bid
Proposals
RFP (Request for Proposal)
• A document issued by an organization to invite
bids from vendors.
• Describes project goals, specifications,
deadlines, and evaluation criteria.
Bid Proposal
• A document submitted by vendors explaining
how they will complete the project, costs,
timelines, and qualifications.
 🎨 4. Designing and Producing
Designing:
• Creating the visual style, navigation structure, and
interaction flow.
• Designing storyboards and wireframes.
Producing:
• Developing multimedia elements:
– Text
– Graphics
– Audio
– Video
– Animation
• Assembling the elements into the final product using
authoring tools.
 📥 5. Content and Talent
Acquiring Content:
• Licensed content: Images, videos, music purchased
from third-party providers.
• Public domain content: Free to use without
permission.
• Custom content: Created specifically for the project.
Using Content Created by Others:
• Must follow copyright laws and licensing
agreements.
• Proper attribution may be required.
Using Content Created for a Project:
• Custom-built graphics, animations, sounds,
and videos designed for exclusive use in the
project.
Using Talent:
• Hiring actors, voice artists, designers,
animators, programmers, and project
managers.
 🚚 6. Delivering Multimedia Projects
Testing:
• Test functionality, compatibility, and usability
across multiple devices and platforms.
• Ensure sound, video, animations, and
interactions work correctly.
Preparing for Delivery:
• Optimize file sizes for efficient loading.
• Ensure software compatibility (Mac, Windows,
mobile).
 💿 7. Delivering on CD-ROM
CD-ROM was a common delivery medium for
multimedia in the past.
Compact Disc Technology:
• 700MB storage capacity
• Red Book standard for audio CDs
• Can contain interactive multimedia
applications
CD-ROM Pros:
• Portable and durable
• Does not require internet access

CD-ROM Cons:
• Limited storage by modern standards
• Obsolete for many users today
🌐 8. Delivering on the World Wide Web

Modern multimedia projects are primarily

delivered online.
Advantages:
• Instant global access
• Easy updates and maintenance
• Supports streaming video, interactive web
applications
Key Web Delivery Formats:
• HTML5 multimedia elements
• Streaming formats like MP4, WebM
• Interactive content using JavaScript and CSS
animations
 🎯 Summary Table
Stage Key Activities

Project Planning Setting goals, timelines, team roles

Estimation Calculating costs, time, and resources

RFPs & Bids Issuing and responding to project proposals

Visual design, content development, multimedia
Designing & Producing
assembly
Content & Talent Acquiring legal content, hiring skilled people
Checking performance, compatibility, and user
Testing
experience
Delivery on CD-ROM Preparing discs, following Red Book standards

Web Delivery Optimizing for online access and web browsers

The End