Trends in IT

Areas
Pervasive Computing Grid Computing Cloud Computing Web Services

Pervasive Computing
Ubiquitous Computing Existing everywhere Embed microprocessors in everyday objects so they can communicate information Pervasive computing devices are completely connected and constantly available. Convergence of wireless technologies, advanced electronics and the Internet

Pervasive Computing
A computing technology that pervades the users environment by making use of seamless connectivity of multiple independent information devices embedded in the environment of the users.

Pervasive Computing
Applications: - Smart Jackets - Voice recognition - Disaster Alert - Navigation / Transportation

Grid Computing
Grid computing is a method of utilizing the power of many computers in a network to solve problems requiring large number of processing cycles and involving huge amounts of data.
> exploiting underutilized resources > achieving parallel CPU capacity > providing virtual resources for collaboration and reliability > sharing resources

Grid Computing
Different computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources. Heterogeneous (different Platforms) Parallel processing; faster communication Exploring maximum potential
Eg : GARUDA connecting IIT, C-DAC etc

Grid Computing

Cloud computing

Makes computer infrastructure and services available on need basis

On demand computing

Cloud computing
Computer infrastructure:Servers Storage Database Software application etc Services Implementation and maintenance of applications like ERP, CRM , LMS Hosting of websites Data back up etc

Highlights of cloud computing

Services provided over the web Cloud depicts internet No capital expenditure for the user- advantage for smaller organisations Pay per use billing model Ease of scaling up or down

Order on line
No maintenance cost

Cloud computing - Examples

Hotmail 1996 first of its kind
The data is stored at the vendor servers, and users could pay incrementally to increase disk space usage.

Some cloud computing applications that you are already using Face book, You tube , Twitter, Google docs etc

Cloud computing - How does it work?

Front end client/users computers, application needed to access the cloud (web browser) Back end cloud servers, storage,application etc

Connected over a network/internet

Central server administers the operation, monitors network traffic etc Back up systems

What is a Cloud?
Individuals Corporations
Non-Commercial Government

Cloud Middle Ware

Storage Provisioning OS Provisioning Network Provisioning Service Provisioning SLA(monitor), Security, Billing, Payment

Resources
Services Storage Network OS

Cloud computing -types

Classification is based on

Location of cloud
Type of services offered

Cloud computing based on Location

Public cloud

Private cloud
Hybrid cloud

Community cloud

Public Cloud
computing infrastructure is hosted by the cloud vendor at the vendors premises. customer has no visibility and control over where the computing infrastructure

computing infrastructure is shared between many organizations.

Private Cloud
computing infrastructure is dedicated to a particular organization and not shared with other organizations . more expensive and more secure when compared to public clouds. Can be Externally hosted private clouds or Onpremise private clouds.

Hybrid Cloud
usage of both private and public clouds together

Organizations may host critical applications on private clouds and applications with relatively less security concerns on the public cloud. computing infrastructure is shared between any organizations.

Community Cloud
sharing of computing infrastructure in between organizations of the same community. Example - all Government organizations within a state of may share computing infrastructure on the cloud to manage data related to citizens residing in that state

Cloud computing based on services provided

Infrastructure as a service ( IaaS)

Platform as a service ( PaaS) Software as a service ( SaaS)

Infrastructure as a service - IaaS

Offers

Hardware CPU, Memory

Operating systems Storage Networking Security etc

Can choose the power and number of your CPUs, size of storage , type of OS

Infrastructure as a service - IaaS

Offers hardware related services Storage services Virtual services Popular Vendors /Offerings
IBM Blue house
Amazon EC2 Elastic Compute Cloud Joyent Go Grid etc

Platform as a Service -PaaS

Offers development/testing platforms
Important players in PaaS are Google Application Engine Microsoft Azure Salesforce.coms force.com Amazon Web Services The client uses the platform and develops his application Very useful for small and start up software companies Platforms provided by different vendors are typically not compatible.

Software as a Service -SaaS

Offers complete software offering
Users can access a software application hosted by the cloud vendor on payper-use basis. The pioneer in this field has been Salesforce.com offering in the online Customer Relationship Management (CRM) space. SugarCRM, IBM Lotus Live, Cisco Webex ERP from many vendors including Ramco HR functions, Payroll etc

SaaS - Benefits
no need to purchase software easy upgrades no need for IT personnel no need for purchasing servers ease of getting up and running, ease of adding or removing

SaaS - Challenges
both software and your data reside on the provider's site, outages (e.g. when the provider upgrades equipment or programs), hackers making sure that applications are written according to accepted standards Proper contracts/SLA with SaaS providers.

Cloud Computing
Cloud Offerings Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Eg: Amazon EC2 Platform as a Service (PaaS) Eg : MS Azure Software as a Service (SaaS) Eg : Google Apps

Cloud Computing
Pros
Scalable & Customizable Pay only for the use; cost saving No Capital Expenditure Better connectivity; decreased rate of failure

Cons/Challenges
Data Security Availability (Up time) High Initial Expense

Web Services Overview

A Web Service exposes functionality to a consumer
Over the Internet or intranet A programmable URL Functions you can call over the Internet

Based on Web standards

HTTP, XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI with more to come

Can be implemented in any language on any platform Black boxes

Component-like, reusable

Web Services Overview

A Web Service combines the best features of distributed computing and portals and eliminates the worst
Provides a mechanism for invoking methods remotely Uses Web standards (e.g. HTTP, XML) to do so

Web Services Overview

Web Services allow you to interconnect:
Different companies Many/any devices Applications Different clients
Not just browsers

Distribution and integration of application logic Enable the programmable Web

Not just the purely interactive Web

Web Services are loosely coupled

Web Services Overview

Evolution of the Web

HTML, XML HTML HTML

HTML, XML

Generation 1

Generation 2

Generation 3

Static HTML

Web Applications

Web Services

Web Services Overview

Benefits
Everyone
Leverage existing infrastructure Build or buy development decisions Minimize development time/costs

Enterprises
Integration imperative Dynamic, easy B2B relationships

New Web-based businesses

Greater personalization New services/new revenue streams Be everywhere vs. single destination

Web Services Overview

Possibilities
Scenario: Planning a trip
Go to Expedia site (or Travelocity, or ) Log in. Find the flights you want
Dont have to reenter seat/meal/airline/frequent flyer/ info System can find lowest price fare by looking at your calendar(s)

Purchase tickets Flight info automatically added to your calendar and your spouses calendar Book rental car/hotel /your preferences; added to calendar On day of trip get notified of flight status via email/pager/cell phone

Web Services Overview

Sample Web Services E-commerce: order books, office supplies, other products Track packages: UPS, FedEx Weather Maps Telephone redirection, customizable rules and messages