ASSESSMENT IN
LEARNING 1
Grading System
Class Standing 50%
Written Activities- 40%
Reporting/Demonstration/
Performance-Based – 40%
Attendance- 20%
Major Exam 40%
Prelim/Pre-final- 30%
Midterm Exam/ Final Exam- 70%
Project 10%
Output- (TOS-EXAM)- 100%
Grading System
Final Grading
Midterm- 50%
Final- 50%
Choose a word from the Word Cloud
and explain its relevance/relationship to
assessment!
LESSON 1:
Basic Concepts and
Principles in
Assessing Learning
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
In this lesson, you are expected to:
describe assessment in learning
and related concepts and,
demonstrate understanding of
the different principles in
assessing learning.
What is assessment?
Rooted in the Latin word assidere, which
means “to sit beside another.”
Generally defined as the process of gathering
quantitative and/or qualitative data for the
purpose of making decisions.
What is Assessment in
Learning?
A systematic and purpose-oriented collection,
analysis, and interpretation of evidence of
student learning in order to make informed
decisions relevant to the learners.
It aims to use evidence on student learning to
further promote and manage learning.
Assessment in learning can be characterized
as (a) a process, (b) based on specific
objectives, and (c) from multiple sources.
What is measurement?
The process of quantifying the attributes of an object.
This is the most basic level. It is about assigning numbers, scores,
or ratings to a learner’s performance (e.g., Juan got 18/20 in a quiz).
What is evaluation?
Refers to the process of making value judgements on the information
collected from measurement based on specified criteria.
e.g. Juan’s score shows he has mastered the topic, so he is ready for
the next lesson
What is Testing?
Testing is the most common form of
assessment.
Refers to the use of a test or battery of tests
to collect information on student learning over
a specific period of time.
Can be categorized as either a selected
response (objective format) or constructed
response (subjective format).
What is the significance of
TOS to the test?
The Table of Specification (TOS) maps out
the essential aspects of a test (test objective,
contents, topics, item distribution).
Is used in the design and development of
tests.
When is a test considered to
be good and effective?
If it has acceptable psychometric properties.
This means that a test should be
valid, reliable, has acceptable
level of difficulty, and can
discriminate between learners
with higher and lower ability.
What is grading?
The process of assigning value to the
performance or achievement of a learner
based on specified criteria or standards.
Grades can be based from, recitation,
seatwork, homework, projects, and tests.
Grading is a form of evaluation which
provides information whether a learners
passed or failed a subject or a particular
assessment task.
What are the different types of
assessment in learning?
1. Formative Assessment
2. Summative Assessment
3. Diagnostic Assessment
4. Placement Assessment
5. Traditional Assessment
6. Authentic Assessment
1. Formative Assessments
Provides information to both teachers and
learners on how they can improve the
teaching-learning process.
Used at the beginning and during instruction
for teachers to assess learner’s understanding.
Can be used to inform learners about their
strengths and weaknesses to enable them to
take steps to learn better and improve their
performances as the class progresses.
During a Grade 8 Science lesson on
photosynthesis, the teacher gives students a short
5-item quiz halfway through the topic. She uses the
results to re-explain concepts that many students
answered incorrectly.
In an English class, students are asked to submit
the first draft of their persuasive essay. The teacher
provides written comments on their arguments and
organization, then allows them to revise before final
grading.
2. Summative Assessments
Aims to determine learners’ mastery of content or
attainment of learning outcomes.
Typically used for evaluating learners’ performance in
class and providing teachers with information about
the teaching effectiveness of their teaching strategies
and how they can improve their instruction in the
future.
Can inform learners about what they have done well
and what they need to improve on in their future
classes or subjects.
At the end of the second quarter, a Grade 9
Math teacher gives a 50-item exam covering
all the topics discussed during the quarter to
measure students’ mastery of competencies.
3. Diagnostic Assessment
Aims to detect the learning problems or
difficulties of the learners so that corrective
measures or interventions are done to ensure
learning.
Done right after seeing signs of learning
problems in the course of teaching.
Can also be done at the beginning of the
school year for a spirally-designed
curriculum.
On the first week of classes, a Grade 7 Math
teacher gives a 20-item test on basic operations
with fractions to check if students have the
prerequisite skills needed for algebra.
During an English lesson, the teacher notices
that several students struggle with reading
comprehension. She administers a short reading
passage with questions to find out which specific
skills—like vocabulary, main idea, or inference—
the students need help with.
4. Placement Assessment
Done at the beginning of the school year to
determine what the learners already know or
what are their needs that could inform the
design of instruction.
Grouping of learners based on the results of
the placement is done before instruction.
Example: Entrance Examination
Before the school year begins, incoming
Grade 11 students take a mathematics
placement test. Based on their scores,
students are grouped into advanced, regular,
or remedial classes.
A language teacher gives a short English
proficiency test to new transferees to decide
whether they should be placed in the
beginner, intermediate, or advanced class.
7. Authentic Assessment
Refers to the use of assessment strategies or
tools that allow learners to perform or create
a product that is meaningful to the learners.
The most Authentic Assessments are those
that allow performance that most closely
resemble real-world tasks or applications in
real world settings or environments.
A Grade 10 Social Studies teacher asks
students to conduct a mock debate on
climate change policies. Students must
present evidence, defend their stance, and
respond to counterarguments.
In a Technology and Livelihood Education
(TLE) class, learners are tasked to prepare
an actual business plan and present it to the
class as if pitching to investors.
What are the different principles in
assessing learning?
1. Assessment should have a clear
purpose.
2. Assessment is not an end in itself.
3. Assessment is an ongoing,
continuous, and a formative process.
4. Assessment is learner-centered.
What are the different principles in
assessing learning?
5. Assessment is both process and product-
oriented.
6. Assessment must be comprehensive and
holistic.
7. Assessment requires the use of appropriate
measures.
8. Assessment should be as authentic as
possible.
THANK YOU!
