Computer Programming in

Java

Lecture 1
Your Instructor

L. Fatima Alajwari
fkajwri@[Link]
Course
 Textbook: W. Savitch, JAVA: an
introduction to problem solving and
programming, global edition.
Philadelphia, PA: Pearson Education,
2018.
 Marks Distribution:
Week Assessment Tool 100%

1-15 Assignments and 30%

Quizes
7-13 20%
Midterm Exams
16-18 Theoretical and 50%
Practical Final Exam
Course Description:
 Success

 Review Learning Outcomes

 Study early, study regularly
 Pay attention in class
 Do exercises yourself
 B+ and above, read the
textbook carefully
Additional Resources

 [Link] (Arabic)
[Link]
 Rwaq (Arabic)

[Link]

 w3resource (English)
[Link]

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 ALGORITHMS AND FLOWCHARTS

 A typical programming task can be divided

into two phases:
 Problem solving phase
 produce an ordered sequence of steps that
describe solution of problem
 this sequence of steps is called an algorithm
 Implementation phase
 implement the program in some programming
language
 Steps in Problem Solving
 First produce a general algorithm (one can
use pseudocode)
 Refine the algorithm successively to get
step by step detailed algorithm that is
very close to a computer language.
 Pseudocode is an artificial and informal
language that helps programmers develop
algorithms. Pseudocode is very similar to
everyday English.
 Pseudocode & Algorithm
 Example 1: Write an algorithm to determine
a student’s final grade and indicate whether it
is passing or failing. The final grade is
calculated as the average of four marks.
 Pseudocode & Algorithm
Pseudocode:
 Input a set of 4 marks
 Calculate their average by summing and
dividing by 4
 if average is below 50
Print “FAIL”
else
Print “PASS”
 Pseudocode & Algorithm
 Detailed Algorithm
 Step 1: Input M1,M2,M3,M4
Step 2: GRADE 
(M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
Step 3: if (GRADE < 50) then
Print “FAIL”
else
Print “PASS”
endif
 The Flowchart
 (Dictionary) A schematic representation of a
sequence of operations, as in a manufacturing
process or computer program.
 (Technical) A graphical representation of the
sequence of operations in an information system
or program.
 Information system flowcharts show how data flows from
source documents through the computer to final
distribution to users.
 Program flowcharts show the sequence of instructions in a
single program or subroutine. Different symbols are used
to draw each type of flowchart.
 The Flowchart
A Flowchart
 shows logic of an algorithm
 emphasizes individual steps and their
interconnections
 e.g. control flow from one action to the next
 Flowchart Symbols

Basic
Name Symbol Use in Flowchart

Oval Denotes the beginning or end of the program

Parallelogram Denotes an input operation

Rectangle Denotes a process to be carried out

e.g. addition, subtraction, division etc.

Diamond Denotes a decision (or branch) to be made.

The program should continue along one of
two routes. (e.g. IF/THEN/ELSE)

Hybrid Denotes an output operation

Flow line Denotes the direction of logic flow in the program

 Example

Step 1: Input M1,M2,M3,M4

START
Step 2: GRADE  (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
Step 3: if (GRADE <50) then
Input
M1,M2,M3,M4 Print “FAIL”
else
Print “PASS”
GRADE(M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
endif

N IS Y Name Symbol Use in Flowchart

GRADE<5 Oval Denotes the beginning or end of the program

0
Parallelogram Denotes an input operation

PRINT PRINT
“PASS” “FAIL” Rectangle Denotes a process to be carried out
e.g. addition, subtraction, division etc.

Diamond Denotes a decision (or branch) to be made.

The program should continue along one of
two routes. (e.g. IF/THEN/ELSE)

STOP
Hybrid Denotes an output operation

Flow line Denotes the direction of logic flow in the program

 Example 2
 Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to
convert the length in feet to centimeter.
Pseudocode:
 Input the length in feet (Lft)
 Calculate the length in cm (Lcm) by
multiplying LFT with 30
 Print length in cm (LCM)
 Example 2
Algorithm
 Step 1: Input Lft Flowchart
 Step 2: Lcm  Lft x 30 START

 Step 3: Print Lcm

Input
Lft
Name Symbol Use in Flowchart

Oval Denotes the beginning or end of the program

Parallelogram Denotes an input operation

Lcm  Lft x 30

Rectangle Denotes a process to be carried out

e.g. addition, subtraction, division etc.
Print
Diamond Denotes a decision (or branch) to be made.
Lcm
The program should continue along one of
two routes. (e.g. IF/THEN/ELSE)

Hybrid Denotes an output operation

Denotes the direction of logic flow in the program

STOP
Flow line
 Example 3
Write an algorithm and draw a
flowchart that will read the two sides
of a rectangle and calculate its area.
Pseudocode
 Input the width (W) and Length (L) of a
rectangle
 Calculate the area (A) by multiplying L with
W
 Print A
Example 3

Algorithm START
 Step 1: Input W,L
Input
 Step 2: AL x W W, L

 Step 3: Print A
ALxW

Print
A

STOP
Flowcharts
 Flowcharts is a graph used to depict or show a
step by step solution using symbols which
represent a task.
 The symbols used consist of geometrical
shapes that are connected by flow lines.
 It is an alternative to pseudocoding; whereas
a pseudocode description is verbal, a
flowchart is graphical in nature.

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Flowchart Symbols
Terminal symbol - indicates the beginning and
end points of an algorithm.

Process symbol - shows an instruction other than

input, output or selection.

Input-output symbol - shows an input or an output

operation.

Disk storage I/O symbol - indicates input from or output to

disk storage.

Printer output symbol - shows hardcopy printer

output.

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Flowchart Symbols cont…
Selection symbol - shows a selection process
for two-way selection.

Off-page connector - provides continuation of a

logical path on another page.

On-page connector - provides continuation

of logical path at another point in the same
page.

Flow lines - indicate the logical sequence of

execution steps in the algorithm.

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Flowchart – sequence control structure

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3

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Flowchart – selection control structure

No Yes
Condition

else- then-
statement(s) statement(s)

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Flowchart – repetition control structure

yes Loop
Condition
Statement(s)

no

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Flowchart – example 1
Begin

Read birth date

Calculate
Age = current year – birth date

Display
age

End

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Flowchart – example 2

Begin

Read age

YES Age > 55? NO

print “Pencen” print “Kerja lagi”

End

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Flowchart – example 3

Begin

sum = 0
current_number = 1

NO
current_number <= 10? print sum

YES
End
sum = sum + current_number
current_number = current_number + 1

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Exercises: Algorithm & Flowchart
1.) Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will
accept/read two numbers and then display the
bigger number.
Exercises: Algorithm & Flowchart
2.) Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will
compute the area of a circle.
Exercises: Algorithm & Flowchart
3.) Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will
compute the sum of two numbers. If the sum
is below or equal to twenty, two numbers will
be entered again. If the sum is above 20, it
will display the sum.
Lab Activity: Algorithm & Flowchart
1. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will
output the largest number among the three
numbers.
2. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will
output for a.c.d.
3. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will
output all the prime numbers between 2
numbers.

4. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will

accept/read 5 numbers and then display the
 Lab Activity: Algorithm & Flowchart

1. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will

accept/read 5 numbers and then display the
largest one.

2. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will

compute the average of 3 numbers.

3. Create an algorithm and a flowchart that will find

the smallest number among 4 numbers.
 The End

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