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Mod 6

The document discusses error control systems, including Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction (FEC), comparing their efficiency, complexity, and applications. It also covers various error detection codes such as Vertical Redundancy Check (VRC), Longitudinal Redundancy Check, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), and Checksum. Additionally, it explains types of errors like single-bit and burst errors, detailing their characteristics and likelihood in data transmission.

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18 views36 pages

Mod 6

The document discusses error control systems, including Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction (FEC), comparing their efficiency, complexity, and applications. It also covers various error detection codes such as Vertical Redundancy Check (VRC), Longitudinal Redundancy Check, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), and Checksum. Additionally, it explains types of errors like single-bit and burst errors, detailing their characteristics and likelihood in data transmission.

Uploaded by

dadug402
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Error Control System and

Error Detection Codes


2.1Introduction of error control system, Automatic Retransmission
Query (ARQ) system, Types of ARQ systems and comparison, Forward
error correction (FEC) system. Comparison between FEC and ARQ.

2.2 Error detection codes: Vertical Redundancy Check (VRC) code,


Longitudinal Redundancy Check (VRC) code, Cyclic Redundancy Check
(CRC) code and Checksum code.
ARQ system Comparison
parameter Stop N wait ARQ Go back Selective repeat

Retransmission of After receiving NAK all After receing NAK, Only selective frames
frames frames are frames starting from are retransmitted after
retransmitted erroneous frames are NAK
retransmitted
Efficiency Low Medium High

complications Less Medium High

Time interval between More Medium Less


successive
transmissions
Throughput efficiency Good better Best

Applications Terrestrial microwave Satellite links Satellite links


links
ARQ and FEC comparison
Parameter ARQ FEC
Retransmission required? Yes Only if error bits are more than 3
Complexity Simpler Complicated
Channel requirement Full duplex Simplex
Reliability Constant Variable
Error detection/ correction? Only error detection Error detection and correction
Application Non interactive Interactive
Redundancy Less More
Types of Errors
Single-bit error
Single bit errors are the least likely type of errors
in serial data transmission because the noise
must have a very short duration which is very
rare. However this kind of errors can happen in
parallel transmission.
Example:
★ If data is sent at 1Mbps then each bit lasts only
1/1,000,000 sec. or 1 μs.
★ For a single-bit error to occur, the noise must
have a duration of only 1 μs, which is very rare.
Burst error
The term burst error means that two or more
bits in the data unit have changed from 1 to 0 or
from 0 to 1.

Burst errors does not necessarily mean that the


errors occur in consecutive bits, the length of
the burst is measured from the first corrupted bit
to the last corrupted bit. Some bits in between
may not have been corrupted.
★ Burst error is most likely to happen in serial
transmission since the duration of noise is normally
longer than the duration of a bit.
★ The number of bits affected depends on the data rate
and duration of noise.
Example:
🢂 If data is sent at rate = 1Kbps then a noise of 1/100 sec
can affect 10 bits.(1/100*1000)

🢂 If same data is sent at rate = 1Mbps then a noise of


1/100 sec can affect 10,000 bits.(1/100*106)
Error detecting codes

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