Roles of

Technology for
Teaching and
Learning
Lesson Outcomes

1. Identified roles of technology

in teaching and learning
2. Appreciated the value of
technology in supporting
student learning
 Are you really interested to use
technology in order to learn? Do our
teachers have the skills to use
technology in order to enhance their
teaching? We cannot deny the fact that
technology influence much in us. As a
future educator, it is high time that we
prepare ourselves to use technology in
our classrooms. Using technology as a
tool and as a catalyst of change. What
then are the roles of technology for
teaching and learning?
 Let us explore what would be the roles of
technology for teachers and teaching and for
learners and learning.
According to Stosic (2015), educational technology has
three domains:
 1 . Technology as a tutor.

 -Together with the teacher, technology can support the teacher to

teach another person or technology when programmed by the
teacher can be a tutor on its own. The teacher will simply switch
on or switch off radio programs, television programs or play
DVDS, or CDs that contain educational programs. There are
online tutorial educational programs, too.
 2. Technology as a teaching tool

 -Like a tutor, technology is a teaching tool, but can never replace a

teacher. This is like the handyman, which is just there to be reached.
Like any other tool, it is being used to facilitate and lighten the work of
the teacher. It will be good if the teacher can also create or develop
technology tools that are needed in the classroom.

 3. Technology as a learning tool.

 While the teacher utilizes technology as the tool for teaching, likewise
it is an effective tool for learning. As a learning tool, it makes learning
easy and effective. It can produce learning outcomes that call for
technology-assisted teaching. Even the teachers who are teaching
can utilize similar tools for learning. As a learning tool, it is very
interesting that even the elderly use these tools for learning for life.
 A. For Teachers and Teaching

 There are many roles that technology plays in the job of teachers. As a tool, technology
has opened wider avenues in management of resources and management of learning.
Likewise, it has modernized the teaching-learning environment in schools.

 Here are some examples of the myriad of roles that technology can do for
teachers and teaching.

 1. Technology provides enormous support to the teacher as the facilitator of

learning. It transforms a passive classroom to an active and interactive one, with
audio-visual aids, charts and models, smart classrooms, e-learning classrooms which
motivate and increase attention level of lemurs. Many of these can be searched on the
web.

 2. Technology has modernized the teaching-learning environment. The teachers

are assisted and supplemented with appropriately structured instructional materials for
daily activities. There are varied available technology-driven resources which can be
utilized for remedial lesson or activities. Likewise, there are also a lot of technology-
driven resources that can be used for enrichment purposes. You may search for the
examples on the web.
 3. Technology improves teaching-learning process and ways of teaching.
 This will make the act of teaching more efficient and effective. There
are arrays of teaching methods and strategies that can use technology
which are found compatible with learning styles. The multiple
intelligence theory of Howard Gardner tells us that there is a genius in
every child. This implies that there must be varied ways of teaching as
there are many varied ways of learning. All the learning styles can find
support from technology, so that teaching will be more effective and
efficient.
 4. Technology opens new fields in educational researches.
 The areas of teaching testing and evaluation are enhanced by
technologies for teaching and learning. Current educational
researchers will no longer find difficulty in interpreting tests,
assessment and other evaluation results. There are available
programs that can analyze and interpret results with speed and
accuracy. Reference retrieval is also hastened because many of the
research materials are in digital form. Technology has also provided
access to big data that can be processed for problem solving and
inquiry.
 5. Technology adds to the competence of teachers and inculcates
scientific outlook.
 Through the utilization of theories of learning and intelligence, which are
explained in references uploaded in the net, the teachers are encouraged
to imbibe skills to source this information with speed and accuracy.

 6. Technology supports teacher professional development.

 With the demand of continuing professional development for teachers, the
availability of technology provides alternative way of attending
professional development online. For those who are involved as providers
of continuing professional development like trainers, facilitators or
organizers, they can level up or enhance their delivery systems with the
support of technology tools.
B. For Learners and Learning
1. Support learners to learn how to learn on their own. All
teachers fully understand that subject matter or content is a
means to achieve the learning outcomes. There are three
categories of knowledge according to Egbert (2009):
declarative knowledge, structural knowledge, and
procedural knowledge.
 a. Declarative knowledge consists of the discrete pieces
of information that answers the questions what, who, where,
and when. It is often learned through memorization of facts,
drills and practice. It can be learned by simple mnemonics or
conceptual maps. Declarative knowledge is the fundamental
knowledge necessary for students to achieve more complex
higher order thinking such as critical thinking and creativity,
inquiry and production.
 b. Structural knowledge consists of facts or pieces of
declarative knowledge put together to attain some form of
moaning. An example of declarative knowledge is "pencil".
The idea that evolved from a pencil is an understanding that
it is something used to write." This is referred to as structural
knowledge. It can be presented by concept maps;
categorization or classification.

c. Procedural knowledge is knowledge in action or the

knowledge of how to do something. It is based on facts but
learned through the process of procedural knowledge.
Examples include how to drive a car, how to use a cell
phone, or how to speak English. Procedural knowledge is
indicated by a performance task or graphical representation
of a concept.
 The traditional sources of knowledge are
printed books modules and journals.
Other sources are primary sources such as
information taken from research. However,
knowledge of content can be learned in many
ways.
But how can technology support the learning of
declarative, structural or procedural
knowledge?
To teach content, time is always an issue of
teachers. Oftentimes, we hear teacher say:
“To many things to teach, too little time to do.”
Technology may be the answer, however the
challenge is for the teachers to use
technology to learn the technology first. As a
facilitator of learning, the teacher can guide
the students to look for the resources and to
utilize them appropriately.
There are varied
programs that can be
used by students off-line
or on-line for students.
What should be
necessary is that the
students are engaged,
the task should focus on
questions like how, why
and which in addition to
who, what, when, and
where.
2. Technology enhances learners' communication
skills through social Interactions.
This is commonly described as the
transmittal of information from one person to
another as single individual or groups of
individuals.

According to Shirley (2009) and Egbert (2009),

there are three basic communication patterns:

a. Point to point two-way or one-to-one like

Internet chat, phone conversation or even face-to-
face conversation.

b. One-to-many outbound like a lecture, or

television. There is no social interaction.

c. Many-to-many like group discussion, buzz

session, heads together. This kind of interaction
provides opportunities for social interaction.
 Social interaction occurs in two ways where
the participants ask for clarification, argue,
challenge each other and work towards
common understanding. Social interaction
through communication occurs through
technology (directly between two persons
via email, a cell phone or other
communication technology). It can also occur
around technology like students discussing
about a problem posed by a software
program or with support of technology like
teachers and students interacting about the
worksheet printed from a website. In all the
three modalities, communication occurs and
technology is involved.
For this particular role, what are the benefits derived from
technology supported communication?

a. Enables any teacher to guide the learners virtually and

making learning unlimited because communication and
social interaction go beyond a school day or a school
environment.
b. Enhances students' freedom to express and exchange ideas
freely without the snooping eyes of the teacher face to face
c. Enables learners to construct meaning from joint experiences
between the two or more participants in communication.
d. Help learners solve problems from multiple sources since
there is limitless sources of information that the teacher can
direct or refer to the learners.
e. Teaches learners to communicate with politeness, taking
turns in sending information and giving appropriate feedback
f. Enhances collaboration by using communication strategies
with wider community and individuals in a borderless
learning environment
9. Develops critical thinking, problem solving and creativity
throughout the communication
3. Technology upgrades learners'
higher-order-thinking skills:
critical thinking, problem
solving and creativity
Twenty-first century learning
requires the development of
higher-order thinking skills.
Technology has a great role to
play in the development and
enhancement of these skills Let's
discuss this in the lesson
Critical thinking is part of the
cluster of higher order thinking skills.
It refers to the ability to interpret,
explain, analyze, evaluate, infer and
self-regulate in order to make good
decisions. With the use of
technology, one will be able to
evaluate the credibility of the source,
ask appropriate questions, become
open-minded, defend a position on
an issue and draw conclusion with
caution. All of these competencies
are covered by Bloom's Taxonomy of
Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation
 Teachers As a role model, teachers should
display and practice critical thinking
play a processes, so that the learners can
significant imitate them. Here are some ways
role in that teachers can do to develop
critical thinking.
supporting
a. Ask the right questions.
learners
Most often teachers ask questions
with to find out if the students can simply
technology. repeat the information from the lesson.
Although these are necessary questions
How? like what, who, when and where these
do not develop critical thinking.
Critical thinking questions should ask for clarity,
accuracy, precision, relevance, depth,
breadth and logic.

 Clarity: Here are some examples: Can you

give examples of …

 Accuracy: What pieces of evidence support

your claim?

 Precision: Exactly how much...

 Breadth: What do you think will the other

group say about this issue?
 b. Use critical thinking tasks with
appropriate level of challenge. Teachers
should be mindful of the readiness of the
students. Students who have higher ability
may find the task too easy, thus getting
bored early, while those who have low
ability may find the task too difficult. Thus,
there is a need to have activities that are
appropriate for the learners. These can be
determined by interview, observations and
other forms to determine the level of
readiness.
Some simple ways that
teachers should do?
1. Vary the questions asked.

2. Introduce new technologies.

3. Modify the learners'

grouping, task,

4. Modify the critical thinking

5. Encourage curiosity,
By nature, learners are
curious. They ask lots of
questions all the time.
Why is the sky blue?
Why do I have to learn
geometry?
How do people choose what
will they become in the
future?
Can robots solve the problems
of climate change? How?
 These questions will lead to critical
thinking, but some of these
questions cannot be answered by
the teacher.
` The unanswered questions are
avoided or answered
unsatisfactorily. Sometimes
teachers shut down the question
that curtails the first step in critical
thinking.
`The internet as a problem solving
and research tool can help find
answers to the questions.
Creativity is characterized as
involving the ability to think flexibly,
fluently, originally, and elaborately
(Guildford, 1986 & Torrance, 1974
in Egbert, 2009). Flexibly means
able to use many points of view
while fluently means able to
generate many ideas. Originally
implies being able to generate new
ideas and elaborately means able
to add details. Creativity is not
merely a set of technical skills, but
it also involves feelings, beliefs,
knowledge and motivation.
 1. Substitute - Find something else to
Seven replace to do what it does.
Creative 2. Combine - Blend two things that do
Strategies not usually go together.
3. Adapt - Look for other ways this can
(Osborn, be used.
1963). 4. Modify/Magnify/ Minify - Make a
These have change, enlarge, decrease.
been simplified 5. Put to another use - Find other uses
into fewer 6. Eliminate - Reduce, remove
categories. 7. Reverse - Turn upside-down, inside
To be creative, out, front-side back.
one can use All together, the strategies will be
any of these labelled as SCAMPER.
strategies.
What Here are some suggestions:
should
teacher do 1. Provide an enriched
environment.
to support
2. Teach creative thinking
student
strategies.
creativity? 3. Allow learners to show what they
can do.
4. Use creativity with technology.
Further, teachers can do the following to develop and enhance
critical thinking, problem solving and creativity.
As a future teacher, try these suggestions.
1. Encourage students to find and use information from variety
of sources both on-line and off-line.
2. Assist students to compare information from different sources
3. Allow student to reflect through different delivery modes like
writing, speaking, or drawing.
4. Use real experiences and material to draw tentative
decisions.
5. Involve students in creating and questioning assessment.
To do these, the teacher should see to it that right questions are
asked, student's tasks should be appropriate to the levels of
 There are several critical thinking tools
and technology software that can
support critical thinking skills. Some of
these you will encounter in the
succeeding modules:

1. Encourages digital production projects

2. Popularizes e-learning modalities
3. Enhances global awareness and
citizenship
 How Technology Influenced My Life as a Learner

Task 1: Experience as a Learner

On your
own... Write a paragraph about your personal
experience on how technology has influenced
your life as a learner from elementary, high
school and college.

How Technology Influenced My Life as a Learner

 Task 2: Expectations as a Future

Teacher
Write a paragraph on how you are going to use
technology when you will become a teacher?
How will I use Technology When I Become a Teacher?
 Look for articles in
the world wide web
On the that tells about the
web roles of technology
in teaching and
learning.
 A. Reflect on the question:
How does the role of technology change the teaching
learning environment? Reflect.
Examine
B. The test items that follow will find out what you have
learned in Lesson 3. Choose the correct answer from
the options given.
1. Which statement about technology in teaching and learning is FALSE?

A. Technology has modernized teaching and learning

B. Use of technology promotes higher order thinking
C. Millennial teachers are not ready to use of technology in teaching
D. To teach in the 21" century, technology use is indispensable.

2. How did technology open new fields of educational research?

I. Enabled researchers to process data faster and more accurate

II. Created research tools with rigor to collect data
III. Provided different ways of collecting information for evaluation

A. I only C. III only

B. II only D. I, II and III
 3. What value does the use of technology give teachers?
I. Provides support for teachers as facilitators of learning
Examine II. Transforms passive classroom to interactive classrooms
III. Enhances learners' communication skills
A. I only C. III only
В. II only D. I, II and III

4. How can learners benefit most in the use of technology?

I. Enhances global awareness and citizenship
II. Enables the students to participate in the online gaming
III. Increases addiction in internet games
A. I only C. III only
B. II only D. I and III

5. In which area of learning has technology given the most influence?

A. Distance learning C. On the job learning
B. Face-to-face learning D. Blended learning
Reference
Purita P. Bilbao, Ed.D. et al.,Technology for Teaching and
Learning 1, Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Lorimar
Publishing Inc. 2019.

For educational purposes only.

To be submitted
Slide # 29, 30, 31, 32 & 33