Software Process
Models
Topics
What are Software Process
Models?
Types of SPMs?
Examples
Software Process Models
Software process models are frameworks
that describe the structured sequence of
activities involved in software
development. These models guide the
development process from requirement
gathering to deployment and
maintenance, ensuring efficiency,
quality, and predictability.
Software Process Models
Software process models are used
to guide the development of
software.
A software process model is an
abstract representation of the
development process.
Software Process Models
These models provide a
structured framework for
organizing tasks, activities, and
processes involved in software
development, from inception to
deployment and maintenance
Software Process Models
Different software process
models offer various strategies
for managing the software
development process, and each
has its own advantages and
disadvantages.
Software Process Models
Choice of model depends on the
project's requirements, complexity,
team structure, and other factors.
It's essential to select the most
appropriate model for a given
project to ensure successful
software development and delivery.
Types of SPMs
Here are some common software process models:
1- Waterfall Model
2- Iterative & Incremental Model
3- Agile Model
4- Spiral Model
5- V-Model
6- RAD Model
7- XP Model
1- Waterfall Model
The Waterfall model is a linear and
sequential approach where each phase
of development (requirements, design,
implementation, testing, deployment,
and maintenance) is completed before
moving to the next phase.
Waterfall Model
Pros
Simple, easy to manage, clear
structure
Cons
Inflexible, late testing, unsuitable
for evolving requirements
Waterfall Model - Example
Suited for projects with well-defined
and unchanging requirements.
Development of payroll or billing
systems where requirements are
fixed and unlikely to change.
Implementation of ERP Products
2- Iterative & Incremental
Model
In this model, development is divided
into smaller iterations or cycles. Each
iteration goes through phases like
requirements, design, implementation,
and testing.
2- Iterative & Incremental
Model
At the end of each iteration, a working
product increment is produced. It
allows for incremental development
and frequent feedback.
Iterative & Incremental
Model
Pros
Earlydelivery, flexible, continuous
feedback, risk reduction.
Cons
Resource-intensive, planning
challenges, Integration challenges,
dependency issues.
Iterative & Incremental
Example
Banking software, where core
functionality (e.g., account management)
is developed first, followed by features
like reporting or analytics.
Developing a web application where basic
functionality (e.g., user login) is released
first, followed by advanced features (e.g.,
reporting tools).
3- Agile Model
Agile methodologies, like Scrum and
Kanban, emphasize flexibility,
collaboration, and customer feedback.
Development is broken into short
iterations called sprints.
3- Agile Model
The focus is on delivering functional
increments of the software and adapting
to changing requirements.
Key Principles of Agile (Based on the
Agile Manifesto)
3- Agile Model
3- Agile Model
3- Agile Model
3- Agile Model
Agile Model
Pros
Highlyflexible, frequent delivery,
customer-focused.
Cons
Requires skilled team, potential scope
creep.
Agile Example
A startup wants to build a social
networking platform with basic features
(e.g., user profiles and messaging). Agile
is used to release an MVP (Minimum
Viable Product) in early sprints and then
gradually add advanced features (e.g.,
video sharing, live streaming) based on
user feedback.
4- Spiral Model
The Spiral Model is a risk-driven
software process model that
combines elements of iterative
development with systematic aspects
of the Waterfall Model.
It is especially suited for large,
complex, and high-risk projects.
Agile Model
Pros
RiskMitigation, Flexibility, Customer
Feedback.
High Cost, Complexity, Time-consuming
Spiral Model Example
Development of missile systems or space
exploration software, where risk
management is critical.
Buildingcomplex hospital management or
diagnostic systems that require extensive
validation and risk control.
5- V-Model
The V-Model is an extension of the Waterfall
model. It emphasizes the relationship between
each development phase and its corresponding
testing phase. Each development phase is
matched with a testing phase to ensure
thorough validation and verification.
V Model
Pros
Earlydetection of defects, High Quality,
Easy and clear structure.
Cons
Inflexible,
Costly, Not Iterative, High-
dependency on initial requirements.
V Model Example
Development of life-critical systems, such
as pacemakers or diagnostic machines,
where validation and verification are
crucial.
Designingcontrol systems like Anti-Lock
Braking Systems (ABS) or Autonomous
Driving Software.
6- RAD-Model
Rapid Application Development focuses on
rapid prototyping and iterative development.
It involves quick development cycles and
encourages user feedback.
It's suitable for projects where user
involvement and early delivery are crucial.
RAD Model
Pros
Faster Development, Focus on
prototypes, High Customer Satisfaction
Cons
High Dependency on User feedback,
Limited scalability, Not suitable for large
projects
RAD Model Example
Designing
microcontrollers for industrial
automation or IoT devices.
Creatinga fitness tracking app with basic
features like step counting, then
incrementally adding features like
workout routines and calorie tracking.
7- Extreme Programming
Model
XP is an Agile methodology that emphasizes
customer satisfaction, communication, and
high-quality code.
It promotes practices like pair programming,
test-driven development, continuous
integration, and frequent releases.
7- Extreme Programming
Model
Choose XP When:
High-quality code and technical excellence are
critical.
The team is small, skilled, and open to adopting
strict practices like pair programming and TDD.
The customer is available for continuous
collaboration and feedback.
Theproject requires frequent delivery of
functional software in short iterations.
XP Model Example
Aned-tech company is developing a
platform for online learning, where
students and teachers can collaborate in
real time.
Thank You
Have a Nice Day!!
