immunity
Definition of Immunity
Immunity refers to the body ability to prevent the
invasion of pathogen in body.
ANTIGEN : It is foreign substance that enters the body and
stimulate immune system.
ANTIBODY : Antibody are a protein made by plasma cell to
protect our body.
Types of immunity
INNATE IMMUNITY
• Innate means natural.
• Immunity present by birth is called innate immunity.
• Its remain from birth to remain forever.
Natural immunity has three types
I. Species immunity
ii. Racial immunity
iii. Individual immunity
SPECIES IMMUNITY :
• It is the resistance shown by all members of a species.
• E.g.; pigs and human are prone to tuberculosis , while
dogs, sheep are immune to it.
RACIAL IMMUNITY :
• It means within species different racial resistance to infection
• E.g.; in African country individual people are resistance to
yellow fever it is specific resistance.
INDIVIDUAL IMMUNITY :
• Different individual in a community resistance to infection
• E.g,: In a whole community people are exposed to particular
infection but some would escape it. some have develop mild
infection and rest develop severe infection
MECHANISM OF INNATE IMMUNITY
SKIN :
• It is the protective layer for the internal organs
• The fatty acid secret by the sebaceous glans in the skin
and high salt concentration of sweat are effective
protective barrier
RESPIRATORY TRACT :
• Hair in a nose act as a coarse filter
• The cough reflex act as a Défense mechanism
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT :
The enzymatic activity in saliva and the acidic pH of gastric
juices destroy many microorganism
CONJUNCTIVA :
• Lysozyme present in a tear act as a bactericidal agent.
• Tear also help in flushing away microorganism and dust
particles
Acquired immunity
Acquired immunity it means the immunity individual acquired
during his lifetime .
Acquired immunity has two types :
I. Active immune
II. passive immunity
Types Acquired immunity
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
• It is induced by an infection or by contact with antigen
• It can be natural or artificial
Natural active immunity :
• It is resistance develop from clinical or subclinical infection
• E.g.; person who has recovered from attack of measles or
mumps its develop at last body produce resistance against
infection.
Artificial active immunity :
• This is the induced by vaccines in the body
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
• Readymade antibodies transferred into the individual its called
passive immunity.
Passive immunity has two types :
I. Natural passive
II. Artificial passive
NATURAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY :
• Transfer of maternal antibodies (igG) transplacentally to the
fetus and to the infant through breast milk.
• It provides immediate protection to the infant /fetus and protects
them till their own immune system matures.
ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY :
Passively transfer to recipient by administration of antibody
• E.g.; who’s mother has antibody produce through outside and
after enter in baby and develop immunity
