g an N atio n al H ig h S c h oo
Kapita n
n g a n , Pa o m b o n g , Bulacan
Kapita n t
c h ool Dep a rtm e
Senior High S
UNDERS T A N D I N G
CULTURE, S O C I E T Y
AND P O L I T I C S
MELC:
Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
• Describes the organized nature of social life and rules
governing behavior.
• Compare different social forms of social organization
according to their manifest and latent functions.
LES S O N 9 :
OR G A N I ZA T I O
N I N S O C I E T Y
AL OR G A N I Z AT I O N :
SOCI Y
P S W I T H I N S O C I E T
GROU
Social Group
a collection of two or more
people who participate in an
enduring social interaction and
relationship
Social Group
also, functional integrated
exists, where members relate
with each other terms of their
role in the social group.
Other types of social group
Aggregat
es
Are quasi-groups which possess
physical proximity but lack an enduring
social interaction. In this group, there is
no sense of group identity.
Other types of social group
Category
A collection of people with common traits and
interests. These people may not be physically
together and may have limited to no social
interaction at all, but their common status
evokes a sense of belongingness and identity.
Classification of Groups
Primary groups
A small group whose members share personal
and lasting relationships
Charles Horton Cooley, an American sociologist,
introduced the concept of primary group to
describe certain groups in the society
Classification of Groups
Secondary
groups
Relatively large membership and
impersonal relationship among its
members.
P S : I N - G R O U P S A N D
S OC I A L G R O U
OUT- GROUPS
William Graham
Definitions
Summer
An in-group is the social group to
which an individual feels he belongs.
This is the group with which an
individual identities.
An out-group is that social group with
which one does not identify
Relationships between In-Groups and Out-
Groups
Members of an in-group treat each
other with a sense of loyalty and
respect, while those in the out-
groups are seen in a frame of
opposition and competition.
Relationships between In-Groups and Out-
Groups
Stereotypes are overgeneralizations
about members of an out-group. These
stereotypes may also bring about
prejudice, which is a “hostile and
negative attitude toward people in a
distinct group.”
Relationships between In-Groups and Out-
Groups
Power may also be relevant when
discussing intergroup relations. A
large in-group possessing power has
the capability to control how others
view minority out-groups
Relationships between In-Groups and Out-
Groups
Such negative attitudes towards the
minority may cause conflict, which can
lead to intergroup aggression or
actions that are intended to harm
those that are outside one’s in-group.
N I Z AT I O N S :
S OC I A L O R G A P S
R EF E R E N C E G R O U
Social Group
Comparison Theory
Humans have an innate drive to
produce accurate evaluations of
oneself.
Reference
Groups
A term coined by Herbert Hyman, is
any group to which an individual
compares himself. It serves as a point
of reference in evaluating one’s
attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
Reference Groups
Anticipatory Socialization –
adaptation of another group’s
attitudes and values to facilitate the
move into the group.
Types of
Positive Reference – groups of
Reference Groups
which one aspires to be part
Negative Reference – group
which people do not want to identify
with.
N I Z AT I O N S :
S OC I A L O R G A
N E T W OR KS
A network or social network is a
structure of social actors connected to
relatively weak social ties
It can be likened to a web wherein each
strand represents a relationship between
two social actors and more.
Importance of
Network
A network cannot be considered a
group, since the social ties connecting
its members are too weak to establish a
sense of belonging and boundary.
Social Capital
refers to expected cultural and
economic benefits, which are derived
from being part of a social relationship
or a network. The value of one’s social
capital depends on with whom one is
connected.
