WATER
MEASUREMENT
WATER
MEASUREMENT
WHAT IS WATER CYCLE?
• The water cycle Is the
continuous movement of water
from the earth’s surface to the
atmosphere and back to the
ground.
WATER
MEASUREMENT
• It is a continuous process.
Hence, it does not have a
starting or an ending point.
HOW IS WATER MEASURED?
I. The water is measures in
Volumes.
II.Volumes of water are
measured in cubic meters
(m3) Or cubic
kilometers (km3).
Rain Gauge
Structure
1. Rain gauge is used to measure the rainfall
2. To measure the water the height should be
recorded by looking at the lower edge of its level
3. The water in the daily rain is measured once a
day at certain times
4. The height can be measured by dipping water
proof plastic strip in bottle5. The water is
measured daily in Indian standard time (8.30)
EVAPORATION
METHOD
1. Evaporation is measured by an Evaporator.
2. A shallow rounded Iron Vessel with diameter size of 1.2m and depth
30cm, painted white on both sides, placed on a wooden frame.
3. A measuring tape is placed with an indicator in the center of the
container and at 8 'o clock in the morning.
4. Evaporation is measured in inches or millimeters.
V-NOTCH METHOD
• This tool is a wooden or iron plank with a V-
shaped triangular notch in the centre (with an
angle of 90°).
• Depending on more or less water flow, big or
less small V-shaped notch is used.
• This wooden plank is placed horizontally in the
direction of the water stream (so that the entire
stream passes through the groove or notch).
MEASUREMENT OF SEEPAGE WATER 🌊
("Zirpa")
1. The land for which the water absorption
capacity is to be checked.
2. Land surface round iron ring of 30 cm
diameter and 30 cm height is placed
which goes 15 cm in side the ground.
3. The ring outside the space is filled with
water at once.
4. Time is recorded.
SURFACE WATER
RESERVES
MEASUREMENT
1.To measure the water distribution a constant size distributor is used and then
speed of water flowing through it is measured. This method of measuring the
stored water is called stationary measurement method
2.The measurement of flowing water is called flow measurement method.
3.In this method the flow of water from dam is calculated by an equation.
4.Total amount of water is calculated from how long the water can flow .
Water required
for crops
1.The amount of water required for crops is called
as the total water requirement of the crop.
2. The level in the soil defines total amount of
water required for crops.
3. The method of measuring the water
requirement for crop is by measuring the area per
acre of water which will be required for crops.
What is TMC? What is Cumec? What is Cusec?
1 TMC means 1 1 cu. m. per 1 cu. ft. per
thousand millions second water flow second water flow
cu. ft. means means 1 Cumec. means 1 Cusec. By
1000000000 (1 By this unit 1000 this unit 28.3
billion) cubic. feet. liters of water litres of water
01 TMC = flows out per flows out per
28,316,846,592 second. 01 second. 01 CUSEC
litres CUMEC = 1000 = 28.317 litres
liters /second /seconds
Do you know the dam water incoming and outgoing
water flow measurements units?
What is TMC?
1 TMC means
1 thousand
millions cu. ft.
means
1000000000
(1 billion)
cubic. feet. 01
TMC =
28,316,846,59
2 litres
Do you know the dam water incoming and outgoing
water flow measurements units?
What is
Cumec?
1 cu. m. per
second water
flow means 1
Cumec. By
this unit 1000
liters of water
flows out per
second. 01
CUMEC =
1000 liters
Do you know the dam water incoming and outgoing
water flow measurements units?
What is
Cusec?
1 cu. ft. per
second water
flow means 1
Cusec. By this
unit 28.3 litres
of water flows
out per
second. 01
CUSEC =
28.317 litres
White line
When 30,000 cusecs of
water is released from
the dam, the line where
the water level of the
river basin reaches is
known as the 'white
line'.
How to draw flood lines?
White line
When 30,000 cusecs of
water is released from
the dam, the line where
the water level of the
river basin reaches is
known as the 'white
line'.
How to draw flood lines?
Blue line
Once in a 20 to 25
years river water
crosses white line. When
60,000 cusec of water is
released from the dam,
the line where the water
level of the river basin
reaches is known as the
'blue line'.
How to draw flood lines?
Red line
Once in a 40 to 50
years because of high
rainfall river water
crosses blue line. When
1, 00,000 Cusec of
water is released from
the dam, the line where
the water level of the
river basin reaches is
known as the 'Red line'.
