Earth's Major
Terrestrial Biomes
Presented by Maria Carissa Amemence & Gerbare Reyes Sept. 8, 2025
Defining Key Terms
What is Terrestrial? What is a Biome?
Is an adjective derived from the Latin A biome is a large geographic area
word "terra" which means earth or characterized by specific climate
land. In ecology it is the scientific study conditions, animal populations, and
of land-based ecosystems. plant species.
Why do we need to know the
different kinds of Biomes?
Biomes are Earth's essential life zones,
each with unique ecosystems that provide
vital services like climate regulation, clean
air and water, and resources. They support
biodiversity, regulate carbon and water
cycles, and maintain soil health.
Key factors that defines a
biome
The 4 Primary Factors
• Geography
• Climate
• Vegetation
• Animal Life
Geography
It's the location, landforms, and climate
that determine the types of plants and
animals that can live in an area.
Climate
Refers to the long-term
weather patterns and
conditions in a particular
region.
Vegetation
Refers to the characteristic
plant communities and their
adaptations to the specific
climate.
Animal Life
Important for maintaining
ecosystem balance and
stability.
The 8 Major Earth's
Terrestrial Biomes
• Tropical Rainforests
• Tropical Savanna / Savanna
• Subtropical Desert
• Chaparral
• Temperate Grassland
• Temperate Forest
• Boreal Forest (Taiga)
• Arctic Tundra
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THE EIGHT (8) EARTH'S
MAJOR TERRESTRIAL
BIOMES:
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TROPICAL
RAINFOREST
📌TROPICAL RAINFOREST
Tropical rainforests are dense and warm
rainforests with high rainfall typically
found between 10° north and south of
the Equator. They are a subset of the
tropical forest biome that occurs
roughly within the 28° latitudes.
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EXAMPLE:
Amazon Rainforest
Animals Plans:
-Jaguar -Kapok trees
-Sloths -Rubber trees
-Toucans
-Orchids
-Capuchin monkey
-Bromeliads
-Poison dart frogs
-Strangler figs
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TROPICAL SAVANNA
📌TROPICAL SAVANNA
Tropical savannas are unique
ecosystems characterized by a mixture
of grasslands and scattered trees,
found predominantly in tropical and
subtropical regions. They experience
distinct wet and dry seasons, making
them different from other biomes.
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EXAMPLE:
The Serengeti
Animals Plans :
-Lion -Acacia trees
-Elephants -Baobab trees
-Giraffe
-Grasses
-Zebras
-Thorny shrubs
-Cheetas
-Hyenas
-Wildebeest
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SUBTROPICAL DESERT
📌SUBTROPICAL DESERT
A subtropical desert is a type of
ecosystem, or biome that is
characterized by high
temperatures, very low
precipitation and warm soils.
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EXAMPLE:
Sahara Desert
Animals: Plans:
-Camels -Cacti
-Scorpions -Succulents
-Lizards
-Desert Shrubs
-Desert tortoise
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CHAPARRAL
📌CHAPARRAL
They have hot, dry summers and rainy
winters.
The southern part of california and
central australia are perfect example of
chaparral biomes.
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EXAMPLE:
California chaparral
Animals: Plans:
-Coyotes -Manzanita
-Rabbits -Shrubs
-Lizards
-Ceanothus
-Snakes
-Grasses
-Birds
-Toyon
-Deer
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TEMPERATE GRASSLAND
📌TEMPERATE GRASSLAND
Temperate grasslands have cold
winters and warm summers with some
rain.
The grasses die back to their roots
annually and the soil and the sod
protect the roots and the new buds
from the cold of winter or dry
conditions. A few trees may be found in
this biome along the streams, but not
many due to the lack of rainfall.
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EXAMPLE:
Prairies (North America)
Animals: Plans:
-Rabbits -Grasses (buffalo grass)
-Prairie dogs -Wildflowers
-Coyotes
-Herbs
-Hawks
-Bison
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TEMPERATE FOREST
📌TEMPERATE FOREST
A temperate forest is a forest
found between the tropical and
boreal regions, located in the
temperate zone. It is the second
largest terrestrial biome,
covering 25% of the world's
forest area, only behind the
boreal forest, which covers
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EXAMPLE:
Eastern Deciduous Forest
Animals: Plans:
-Deer -Oak trees
-Bears -Maple trees
-Squirrel
-Beech trees
-Owl
-Ferns
-Woodpeckers
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BOREAL FOREST (TAIGA)
📌BOREAL FOREST (TAIGA)
Taiga or tayga, also known as
boreal forest or snow forest, is a
biome characterized by
coniferous forests consisting
mostly of pines, spruces, and
larches. The taiga, or boreal
forest, is the world's largest land
biome.s.s.s.
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EXAMPLE:
Alaska (USA)
Animals: Plans:
-Moose -Spruce trees
-Wolves -Pine trees
-Bears
-Fir trees
-Lynx
-Mosses and Lichens
-Snowshoe hares
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ARCTIC TUNDRA
📌ARCTIC TUNDRA
Tundra ecosystems are treeless
regions found in the Arctic and
on the tops of mountains, where
the climate is cold and windy,
and rainfall is scant. Tundra
lands are covered with snow for
much of the year, but summer
brings bursts of wildflower’s.
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EXAMPLE:
Arctic Region of North
America
Animals: Plans:
-Polar Bears -Mosses
-Reindeer -Lichens
-Arctic foxes
-Low-growing shrubs
-Musk oxen
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Thank You
MODULE 1: PEOPLE AND THE 01
ECOSYSTEM
LESSON 3:
ECOSYSTEM
02. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
• FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM
• BRACKFISH ECOSYSTEM: ESTUARIES
REPOTER #2 PADAYHAG, MARIA SOPHIA & TIMONIL, JOAN
02
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM IS AN
ECOSYSTEM FOUND IN AND
AROUND A BODY OF WATER, IN
CONTRAST TO LAND-BASED
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS.
03
MAIN TYPES OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
FRESHWATER
FOUND IN BODIES OF WATER WITH LOW SALT CONTENT
• LOTIC ECOSYSTEMS: CHARACTERIZED BY FLOWING WATER, SUCH AS STREAMS AND RIVERS.
• LENTIC ECOSYSTEMS: CHARACTERIZED BY STILL WATER, LIKE PONDS AND LAKES.
• WETLANDS: AREAS WHERE THE SOIL IS SATURATED OR INUNDATED WITH WATER FOR AT LEAST PART OF THE TIME .
MARIN
E
Bodies of water with high salinity
1. Ocean and Seas: Vast saltwater environments.
2. Estuaries: Areas where freshwater rivers meet the ocean, resulting in brackish water.
3. Coral Reefs: Diverse and productive underwater ecosystems found in warm, shallow
waters.
04
FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEMS
ARE A SUBSET OF EARTH'S AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEMS THAT INCLUDE THE
BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES INHABITING
FRESHWATER WATERBODIES SUCH AS
LAKES, PONDS, RIVERS, STREAMS,
SPRINGS, BOGS, AND WETLANDS.
TYPES OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS 05
RIVERS AND STREAMS WETLANDS
LAKES AND PONDS
THESE ARE LOTIC THESE ARE AREAS
THESE ARE LENTIC
ECOSYSTEMS, WITH WATER SATURATED WITH WATER,
ECOSYSTEMS,
THAT FLOWS IN A SINGLE SUCH AS SWAMPS,
MEANING THEY ARE
DIRECTION, USUALLY FROM MARSHES, AND BOGS,
BODIES OF STILL,
A SOURCE TO A LARGER SUPPORTING UNIQUE
STANDING WAT
BODY OF WATER PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE
06
BRACKFISH ECOSYSTEM: ESTUARIES
BRACKISH WATER CONDITION COMMONLY
OCCURS WHEN FRESH WATER MEETS
SEAWATER. IN FACT, THE MOST EXTENSIVE
BRACKISH WATER HABITATS WORLDWIDE
ARE ESTUARIES, WHERE A RIVER MEETS
THE SEA.
EXAMPLE OF BRACKFISH ECOSYSTEMS 07
ESTUARIES MANGROVE SWAMPS SALT MARSHES
COASTAL INLETS FORESTS OF SALT- COASTAL
WHERE TOLERANT TREES IN WETLANDS THAT
FRESHWATER FROM TROPICAL AND ARE PERIODICALLY
RIVERS MIXES WITH SUBTROPICAL FLOODED BY
SALTWATER FROM INTERTIDAL ZONES SALTWATER.
THE OCEAN
08
IMPORTANCE
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS ARE CRUCIAL FOR EARTH'S
BIODIVERSITY AND PROVIDE ESSENTIAL SERVICES, SUCH AS:
• WATER SUPPLY: THEY ARE A SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER
FOR MANY COMMUNITIES.
• FOOD SOURCE: THEY PROVIDE HABITATS AND FOOD FOR
NUMEROUS SPECIES.
• FLOOD CONTROL: WETLANDS AND OTHER AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENTS HELP REGULATE WATER FLOW AND
PREVENT FLOODING.
• NATURAL FILTRATION: THEY FILTER AND PURIFY WATER,
IMPROVING ITS QUALITY.
09
THANK YOU!
