Рычкова Н.И.

MODAL VERBS

needn’
must – have to / have got t
to
will – would
may –
might
shall – should – ought
can – could to
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 MADAL VERBS
1. They take no “-s” in the third person singular (except
for have to and need). Eg. She can swim. But: He
needs to read the article.

2. We do not use do/does with modal verbs to form

negatives, questions or short answers.

3. They come before the subject in questions and are

followed by 'not' in negations.
negations (Except for ought to).

4. Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to.

to
Eg. Sorry, I can't come.
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 will Modal Verbs + Passive
Voice
can
may
must be + V3
should The machine can be
ought to used for cutting
bread.
have to
Difficult rules must be explained.
explained

These words don’t have to be learnt by heart.

People in hospitals ought to be visited.
visited
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We use modal verbs before other
verbs to add a special meaning
to a sentence.

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 Special meanings
Modal verbs are used to express:
1) Ability – способность, умение
2) Possibility – возможность
3) Probability – вероятность
4) logical assumptions – предположение
of
5) Permission – разрешение
c t io n s
F un 6) Requests – просьба
MO D A L
7) Offers – предложение
VERBS
8) Suggestions – предложение
9) Advice – совет
10) Criticism –
11) Obligation – обязательство
12) Prohibition – запрещение
13) Necessity – необходимость
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 Functions of MODAL VERBS
Modal Ability Possib Proba logical Permis Reque Offers Sugge Advice Criticis Obliga Prohib Neces
Verb – ility – bility – assum sion – sts – – stions – m– tion – ition – sity –
способн
возможн вероятно ptions разреше прось предл – совет обязат запре необх
ости,
ость сть ние
умение – ба ожени предл ельств щение одимо
предпол
ожение е ожени о сть
е
can + + + + + +
can ’t +
could + + + + + +
couldn’t +
will be +
able to
may + + +
might + + +
must +
mustn’t +
have to +
will
would
shall
should +
shouldn’t +
needn’t
ought to
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 •мочь,

CAN
•быть в состоянии,
•иметь
возможность

could/ can -
was will be able to/
were able to won’t be able to

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Рычкова Н.И.
Mind!

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 b e a l lo w
ed t o

may
•может быть

h t
i g •мочь, иметь возможность;
m •быть вероятным

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 But!
возможно

может быть

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 s i o n
r m is
pe

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 Asking for permission:

Can I borrow
your pen?
Can – неофициально

Could I borrow
your car?
Could* – более вежливо и официальнее

May I use your May* – официально

phone?

Might I see your Might – более официально

driving licence, please?

*May I… and Could I… are equally polite.

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 Asking for permission:

can (informal) / Eg. ~ Can / Could I interrupt you for a

could (more formal and polite) second?

may (formal) / Eg. ~ May / Might I speak to the bank

might (very formal) manager, please?

Giving or refusing permission:

can (informal; giving permission)

Note: could is not used in the

present to give permission

may (formal; giving permission -

also used in written notices or
formal announcements)

mustn't / can't (informal - refusing

permission)

may not (formal - refusing

permission)
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 Talking about permission:

can / be allowed to (to talk about the

future or present)

could (to talk about the past - used for

repeated actions)

was / were allowed to (to talk about

the past - used for repeated or single
actions)

couldn't / wasn't allowed to (in

negations or questions for either
repeated or single actions)

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«должен»

must

o t ) t o
v e ( g
h a

быть должным,
обязанным,
Рычкова Н.И. вынужденным что-л.
делать
 must – have to/have got
to

the SPEAKER Smb ELSE decides

decides that sth is necessary
that sth is necessary

“We must find a “We have to wear

hotel to stay at a uniform at
tonight”.
должен, необходимо Рычкова Н.И. school”.
приходится, вынужден
“Must we find “Do you have
a hotel to stay to wear a
at tonight?” uniform at
school?” –
должен, необходимо “No, we
приходится, вынужден
don’t.
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 Modal verbs:
must / have to / should / ought to

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 must/
av e to
h

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 have/
e g ot
hav
to

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Рычкова Н.И.
 i l i ty
ab

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 ability
Ability in the present / future:

Can - more usual and less formal Eg. Ann can type fast. I can pay you next
Be able to week. (usual)
I will be able to pay you next week. (less
usual)

Was able to (= managed to do) (ability in the past) is used for either repeated or
single actions.
Eg. I was able to go on a trip round the city last week. (single action)

Could (ability in the past) 'Could' is more usual than 'was able to.' It is used in
statements for repeated actions. However, with the verbs see, hear, smell,
understand, etc. we normally use 'could' for single actions.
Eg. She could / was able to play the violin when she was six. (repeated action)
I could smell something burning. (single action) (NOT: I was able to smell ... )
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 Ability
Could / Was able to can both be used in negations and questions for either
repeated or single actions.
Eg. She couldn't / wasn't able to pass her driving test. (past single action)
Were you able to / Could you get to work every day'last week? (past repeated
action)
Can is used in the present. Could is the past tense of can. We use be able to to
form all the other tenses. Eg. I will be able to get a job when I finish school.

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 s ts –
eq u e
R –
e r s
Off s ti o n s
ug g e
S

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Requests – Offers – Suggestions

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Round-Up 5. Unit 5.

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 ci s m
r i ti
– C
v i c e
Ad

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9. Underline the correct modal verb.
Georgina: Sasha, you really 1) ought / should take your car to a mechanic.
Sasha: Why? What's the problem?
Georgina: Well, for one thing, your brakes don't sound too good. And for another
thing, your tyres are looking a bit old . You 2) should / ought to get them
checked out.
Sasha: My tyres are fine. I've only had them seven years.
Georgina: Seven years! Well, no wonder! You 3) should / had better have
replaced them ages ago.
Sasha: Really? Well, you 4) could / had better have told me before. OK, I'll go
to a mechanic. But who? 5) Shall / Ought to I go to yours?

Georgina: Why not? He's really good. You 6) had better / hadn't better call
him today, though because he's going away on holiday next week.
Sasha: OK, I will. Thanks. Рычкова Н.И.
9. Underline the correct modal verb.

Georgina: Sasha, you really 1) ought / should take your car to a mechanic.
Sasha: Why? What's the problem?
Georgina: Well, for one thing, your brakes don't sound too good. And for another
thing, your tyres are looking a bit old. You 2) should / ought to get them checked
out.
Sasha: My tyres are fine. I've only had them seven years.
Georgina: Seven years! Well, no wonder! You 3) should / had better have
replaced them ages ago.
Sasha: Really? Well, you 4) could / had better have told me before. OK, I'll go to a
mechanic. But who? 5) Shall / Ought to I go to yours?
Georgina: Why not? He's really good. You 6) had better / hadn't better call him
today, though because he's going away on holiday next week.
Sasha: OK, I will. Thanks.
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NEXT MOVE - 4

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Ability
We can reduce the number of people who die.
We can’t stop natural disasters.

Obligation
You must come to the school now.
They have to live on flat land near the sea.
We don’t have to lose huge numbers of lives.

Prohibition
You mustn’t leave the shelter.
You should listen to the warnings.
You shouldn’t go near the sea

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 Functions of MADAL VERBS
Ability: can, can’t (cannot)
We use can or can’t to talk about ability in the present. He can play the
guitar.
I can’t see you in the dark.
NOT I don’t see you in the dark.

Obligation: must, have to, don’t have to

We use must or have to to talk about obligation in the present.
You must do/have to do your homework.
don’t have to mustn’t
You don’t have to come. It’s your choice.
NOT You mustn’t come. It’s your choice.
Prohibition: mustn’t (must not)
mustn’t You mustn’t talk here – it isn’t allowed!
NOT You don’t have to talk here – it isn’t allowed!
Advice: should, shouldn’t (should not)
• should
What should I do? You should call for help.
• shouldn’t bad idea. Рычкова Н.И.

•You shouldn’t swim in that river – it’s very deep.

 I'm afraid you can't, miss. You'll have to try
it on in the changing room like everyone
else.

Could I try on that dress in the window,

please?
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