Lesson 1
Transformations
Types of Transformations
• 1. Reflections: these are like • 2. Translations ( or slides): this
mirror images as seen across a moves the figure to a new
line or a point. location with no change to the
looks of the figure.
• 3. Rotations: this turns the figure • 4. Dilations: this reduces or
clockwise or counter-clockwise enlarges the figure to a similar
but doesn’t change the figure. figure.
Reflections
You can reflect a figure using a line or a point. All measures
(lines and angles) are preserved but in a mirror image .
• This figure is reflected across • In this figure, segment l reflects across
line l . You could fold the picture the y axis to n and across the x axis to m.
along line l and the left figure • * In a reflection across the x axis, the x values
would coincide with the stay the same and the y values change sign.
corresponding parts of right figure.• * In a reflection across the y axis, the y values
remain the same and the x values change sign.
n l
m
Reflections across specific lines:
• Let’s reflect a figure across
the line y = 1.
• Notice the corresponding points
are equidistant from the line y =
1, which is “reflected” in the
coordinates of the points.
• Example: (2, 2) is 1 unit above
the line. Its corresponding image
point must be 1 point below the
line, (2, 0).
Lines of Symmetry
• If a line can be drawn
through a figure so the One line of symmetry Two lines of symmetry
one side of the figure is
a reflection of the other
side, the line is called a
“line of symmetry.”
No lines of symmetry
B
One line of symmetry
•
• Some figures have 1 or
more lines of symmetry. Two lines of symmetry
Four lines of symmetry
•
• Some have no lines of
symmetry.
Infinite lines of symmetry No lines of symmetry
Translations (slides)
• If a figure is simply A Image A translates to
moved to another image B by moving
to the right 3 units
location without change and down 8 units.
to its shape or direction, B
it is called a translation
(or slide).
• If an image is reflected A B C
over a line and then that
image is reflected over a
parallel line (called a
composite reflection), it
results in a translation. Image A reflects to image B, which then reflects
to image C. Image C is a translation of image A
Rotations
• An image can be rotated • An image can be rotated
about a fixed point. over two intersecting
• The blades of a fan rotate lines by using
about a fixed point. composite reflections.
C
m
B n
Image A reflects over line m to B,
image B reflects over line n to C.
Image C is a rotation of image A.
Angles of rotation
• In a given rotation, where A is the figure and B is the resulting
figure after rotation, and X is the center of the rotation, the
measure of the angle of rotation AXB is twice the measure
of the angle formed by the intersecting lines of reflection.
• Example: Given segment AB to be rotated over lines l and m, which
intersect to form a 35° angle. Find the roation image segment KR.
B
35 °
Angles of Rotation . .
• Since the angle formed by the lines is 35°, the angle of rotation is 70°.
• 1. Draw AXK so that its measure is 70° and AX = XK.
• 2. Draw BXR to measure 70° and BX = XR.
• 3. Connect K to R to form the rotation image of segment AB.
B
K
A
R
35 ° X
Dilations
• A dilation is a transformation which changes the size of a figure but
not its shape. This is called a similarity transformation.
• Since a dilation changes figures proportionately, it has a scale factor k.
– If the absolute value of k is greater than 1, the dilation is an enlargement.
– If the absolute value of k is between 0 and 1, the dilation is a reduction.
– If the absolute value of k is equal to 0, the dilation is congruence transformation.
(No size change occurs.)
If a dilation with center C and a scale factor k maps A onto R and B onto P, then
RP = kAB or RP = k. .
.
AB
Dilations
• In the figure to the right, the center is C. E
The distance from C to E is three times
the distance from C to A. The distance
from C to F is three times the distance
from C to B. This shows a A
transformation of segment AB with
center C and a scale factor of 3 to the
C F
enlarged segment XY. B
A
• In this figure, the distance from C to R
is ½ the distance from C to A. The
R
distance from C to W is ½ the distance
from C to B. This is a transformation of
segment AB with center C and a scale
factor of ½ to the reduced segment RW. C B
W
Dilations
• Try a problem:
• Find the measure of the dilation image of segment AB, 6 units long, with a
scale factor of
• a. -4: the dilation image will be an enlargment since the absolute value of
the scale factor is greater than 1. The image will be 24 units long.
• b. 2/3 : since the scale factor is between 0 and 1, the image will be a
reduction. The image will be 2/3 times 6 or 4 units long.
• C. 1: since the scale factor is 1, this will be a congruence transformation.
The image will be the same length as the original segment, 1 unit long.
