ECOSYSTEM
FOURTH LEVEL
What is
Ecosystem?
It is the interaction
of living and non-
living in a specific
area.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
◦Biotic factors are considered ◦Abiotic factors are non-
any living component living chemical and
physical parts of the
environment
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
◦Abiotic factors are non-living
chemical and physical parts of
the environment
◦Abiotic components include
physical conditions and
non-living resources that
affect living organisms in
terms of growth,
maintenance, and
reproduction.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
◦Biotic factors are considered
any living component
Each biotic factor needs the
proper amount of energy
and nutrition to function day
to day.
Three main categories:
◦Producer
◦Consumer
◦Decomposer
PRODUCERS
◦Autotrophs-
produce their own
food
◦Photosynthesis
◦Mostly plants
CONSUMER
Heterotrophs
(depend upon
producers)
CONSUMER
CONSUMER
Scavenger eats
dead animals that
either died by
illness or accident
or are killed by
other animals.
CONSUMER
Parasite lives
in or on
another living
organism to
get
nourishment,
DECOMPOSER
◦detritivores, break down
chemicals from producers
and consumers (usually
antibiotic) into simpler
form which can be reused
DECOMPOSER
CONNECTIONS AND
INTERACTIONS
AMONG LIVING
THINGS
Food Chains
A food chain represents how energy is
transferred across a series of organisms in
the form of food.
Trophic Levels
Organisms are classified based on their hierarchy in
the food chain.
Food Web -These are made up of
multiple food chains linked together.
Each organisms interact with
one another to survive in an
ecosystem. This kind of
interaction is called symbiosis.
There are different types of
symbiotic relationships.
Commensalism: one organism benefits,
the other is unaffected.
Orchids are
commensalistic with trees
Mutualism: both organisms
benefit.
Cow and Birds Bee and flowers
Competition : Where One or Both
Inhibit the Population of the Other
This type of
symbiotic
relationship works in
reverse; one or both
organisms suffer
because of the
existence of each
other.
Competition for resources in the forest
floor
Predation: A predator feeds on prey.
The predator usually sits above its prey
in the food chain, like the lion and the
rabbit
Many birds are predators
Parasitism: A parasite relies on a host
for survival. A relationship between two
species of plants or animals in which
one benefits at the expense of the
other, sometimes without killing the
host organism.
A liver fluke
TWO TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM
Man-made Ecosystem Natural Ecosystem
Man-made ecosystems are natural ecosystem,
areas that are created, we are referring to
controlled, and manipulated those areas with little
by humans. or no human
intervention.
an aquarium, a
fishpond, and a Forest, Oceans, Seas
terrarium and Rivers
MAN-MADE ECOSYSTEM
NATURAL ECOSYSTEM
Biome
◦area with a
distinctive
climate and
with
distinctive
organisms.
TUNDRA
FOREST: RAINFOREST
FOREST: RAINFOREST
FOREST: TEMPERATE
FOREST: TEMPERATE
FOREST: TEMPERATE
FOREST: TAIGA
FOREST: TAIGA
GRASSLAND
GRASSLAND
DESERT
DESERT
AQUATIC: Fresh Water
AQUATIC: Fresh Water
◦ Amphibians
◦ Reptiles
◦ Birds
◦ Fish
◦ Clayfish
AQUATIC: Marine
AQUATIC:
Marine
