Preparation
and Curing of
Concrete Test
Speciment
Report of Group- 1
CONCRETE
Concrete is a composite material made
up of inert materials of varying sizes
which are bound together by a binding
medium. Mortar is made up of a mixture
of cement, water, air, and fine
aggregate. Concrete contains coarse
aggregate in addition to cement, water,
air, and fine aggregate.
QUALITY
The quality of concrete is measured by its strength and
durability. Hardened concrete must have sufficient
strength to resist the stresses from loads as well as the
stresses created by its own weight. The compressive and
the flexural strength of concrete are both important in
the design of concrete structures.
Durability of concrete is the ability of concrete to resist
forces of disintegration due to freezing and thawing and
chemical attack.
Quality
Factors that affect the quality of concrete:
1. Coarse aggregate
2. Air entrainment
3. Water/cement ratio
WORKABILITY
Workability of concrete may be defined as composite
characteristic indicative of the ease with which the
mass of plastic material may be deposited in its final
place without segregation during placement, and its
ability to conform to fine forming detail.
Nosatisfactory measures of workability have been
defined. However, the term consistency is generally
considered a descriptive term for workability.
Consistency measures the fluidity or the lack of it.
INFLUENCES OF
INGREDIENTS ON THE
PROPERTIES OF
CONCRETE
AGGREGATES
Aggregates exhibit a variety of physical and
chemical characteristics; hence their influence
on concrete mixtures is carried. Physical
characteristics include size and shape of the
aggregate, surface texture, gradation, and top
size of aggregate. Chemical characteristics of
aggregates are those which may result in
aggregate reactivity with the hardened
concrete.
WATER
In
many concrete mix design procedures, water is
considered an influential part of the total mix, as
the water allows the concrete to be handled
easily.
Waterreacts with the particles, resulting in a
chemical change that binds the paste to the fine
and coarse aggregate particles. The addition of
water to the cement forms a paste that acts as a
glue.
WATER
Some impurities in mixing water that cause
these undesirable effects in the final
concrete are:
Dissolved chemicals
Seawater
Sugar
Algae
EFFECTS
1. Abnormal setting time
2. Decreased strength
3. Volume changes
4. Efflorescence
5. Corrosion of reinforcement
PORTLAND CEMENT
When water is added to Portland cement
a chemical reaction (hydration) takes
place and a calcium silicate hydrate is
produced. The amount of water needed
to complete this reaction is
approximately 30 percent of the cement
by weight.
THERE ARE 4 TYPES OF TESTING
OF CONCRETE
SLUMP OF CONCRETE
PREPARATION OF CONCRETE SPECIMEN
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
TENSILE STRENGTH TEST
SLUMP OF CONCRETE
ASTM C143 (Standard Test Method for
Slump of Concrete). Slump is a
measure of the consistency of a
sample of concrete, and tells you how
fluid the concrete will be. It can help
give an idea of workability, telling you
how easy or hard it will be to place,
and can help to predict strength.
PREPARATION OF CONCRETE
SPECIMEN
ASTM C31 (Standard Practice for Making and
Curing of Concrete Test Specimens).
Compression tests of concrete are ordinarily
conducted on cylindrical specimens with height
equal to twice the diameter, so that surface
rupture, produced upon fracture will not
intersect the end bearings. It is generally
accepted that the diameter of the specimen
should be at least three times the nominal size
of the coarse aggregate.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
ASTM C39 (Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens). It determines
the compressive strength of
cylindrical concrete specimens such
as molded cylinders and drilled
cores.
TENSILE STRENGTH TEST
ASTM C496 (Standard Test Method for
Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens). It determines the
splitting tensile strength of cylindrical
concrete specimens, such as molded
cylinders and drilled cores. The splitting
tensile strength is typically greater than the
direct tensile strength and lower than the
flexural strength.
Thank you
