$B7ABVAG2r@O!&9=J82r@OF~Lg(B

$BCm0U(B: $B$3$N%Z!<%8$NFbMF$K$O!"$*$=$i$/B?$/$N4V0c$$$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B%j%s%/$5$l$F$$$k$N$G;D$7$F$*$-$^$9$,!"MxMQ$K$OCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B(2008$BG/(B3$B7n!"?7;3(B)

$BL\

$BGX7JCN<1(B

$B7ABVAG2r@O$H$O(B

$B9=J82r@O$H$O(B

$BN}=,LdBj(B

$B8@8l=hM}4X78$NO@J8$K$h$/=P$F$/$k=EMW8l(B

1. $BGX7JCN<1(B

$B$^$:!V7ABVAG!W!"!V9=J8!W$J$I$H$$$C$?MQ8l$O!"$[$H$s$I$,(B $B8=:_$N2J3XE*$J!V8@8l3X!W$H$$$&J,Ln$K5"$9$k$b$N$G$"$k$3$H$r(B $B:G=i$KCN$C$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$k!#BN7O$@$C$?8@8l3X$O!"$*$b$K(B $B%A%g%`%9%-!<8@8l3X$NAO;O$H$H$b$K;O$^$C$?!#(B

$B%A%g%`%9%-!<$O(B 1960$BG/Be$K!"@$3&$8$e$&$N?tB?$/$N8@8l$K$O!"(B $BJN,$5$l$?$j$7$J$$>l9g(B) $B$,$"$k!#$=$7$F(B $BM}A[2=$5$l$?>u672<$G$O!"8@8l$H$$$&$b$N$O$_$J7h$^$j$-$C$?5,B'$N(B $BE,MQ$+$i$J$k0l

NP $B"*(B n

NP $B"*(B NP pp v NP $B$r9M$(!"$3$l$i$+$i@8@.$5$l$kL>;l@a(B ($B$[$s$H$&$OJ8$r$d$j$?$$$N$@$,!"(B $B$a$s$I$&$J$N$GL>;l@a$K$9$k(B) $B$r9M$($k!#(BNP $B$OL>;l@a(B (Noun Phrase)$B!"(B n, v, pp, $B$O$=$l$>$l(B $BL>;l(B (Noun)$B!"F0;l(B (Verb)$B!"=u;l(B (PostPosition) $B$r$5$9!#(B $B$5$$$7$g$O(B NP $B$+$i;O$a$k$3$H$K$9$k$H!"(B

NP
$B"*(B NP $B$,(B $B=q$$$?(B NP
$B"*(B $BH`=w(B $B$,(B $B=q$$$?(B NP
$B"*(B $BH`=w(B $B$,(B $B=q$$$?(B NP $B$r(B $BIA$$$?(B NP
$B"*(B $BH`=w(B $B$,(B $B=q$$$?(B NP $B$r(B $BIA$$$?(B $B>.@b(B
$B"*(B $BH`=w(B $B$,(B $B=q$$$?(B NP $B$N(B $BCe$$$?(B NP $B$r(B $BIA$$$?(B $B>.@b(B
$B"*(B $BH`=w(B $B$,(B $B=q$$$?(B NP $B$N(B $BCe$$$?(B $B1X(B $B$r(B $BIA$$$?(B $B>.@b(B
$B"*(B $BH`=w(B $B$,(B $B=q$$$?(B NP $B$K(B $BMn$A$?(B NP $B$N(B $BCe$$$?(B $B1X(B $B$r(B $BIA$$$?(B $B>.@b(B
$B"*(B $BH`=w(B $B$,(B $B=q$$$?(B $B;n83(B $B$K(B $BMn$A$?(B NP $B$N(B $BCe$$$?(B $B1X(B $B$r(B $BIA$$$?(B $B>.@b(B
$B"*(B $BH`=w(B $B$,(B $B=q$$$?(B $B;n83(B $B$K(B $BMn$A$?(B $B@DG/(B $B$N(B $BCe$$$?(B $B1X(B $B$r(B $BIA$$$?(B $B>.@b(B

$B$3$N%2!<%`$O$$$D$^$G$bB3$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#>e$NNc$G$O(B $B$B2<@~(B$B$G<($7$?$,!"$R$H$D$N(B NP $B$O$$$/$i$G$b(B $BE83+$G$-$k!#>e$NNc$G$O$o$6$H!VH`=w$,=q$$$?!W$NItJ,$r@h$KE83+$7$?$,!"(B $B$3$3$G!VH`=w$,=q$$$?;n83!W$HFI$s$@?M$O>/$J$$$@$m$&!#$3$3$G$O(B $B!V;n83$KMn$A$?@DG/$NCe$$$?1X!W$,$R$H$^$H$^$j$K$J$C$F$*$j!"!VH`=w$,=q$$$?!W(B $B$O:G8e$N!V>.@b!W$K$+$+$C$F$$$k!#$D$^$j$^$s$J$+$NL>;l@a(B NP $B$,F~$l;R$K(B $B$J$C$F$$$k!#$3$N$h$&$J!VF~$l;R!W$d!V7+$jJV$7!W$N9=B$$O!"@$3&Cf$N$I$N(B $B8@8l$K$b$_$i$l!"$3$l$3$=$,%A%g%`%9%-!<$NH/8+$7$?IaJWJ8K!$G$"$C$?!#(B $BJ8L.<+M3J8K!$O8=:_%3%s%Q%$%i$J$I$NJ8K!5-=R$K$b;H$o$l$F$$$k$,!"(B $B$b$H$b$H$O<+A38@8l$NJ8K!$r5-=R$9$k$?$a$K%A%g%`%9%-!<$,9M0F$7$?(B $BJ}K!$@$C$?$N$G$"$k!#(B

$B$5$F!"8@8l$O$9$Y$F$3$N$h$&$J5,B'$G5-=R$G$-$k!"$H2>Dj$7$?$H$7$h$&!#(B $B5,B'$O8@8l$K8=$l$k5-9f(B ($BJ8;z$H$+!"2;$H$+(B) $B$rA`:n$7!"(B $B$=$l$i$O?t3XE*$K87L)$K5-=R$5$l$?$b$N$K$J$C$F$$$k!#!V2J3XE*$J!W(B $B8@8l3X$NCB@8$G$"$k!#%A%g%`%9%-!<$O!VCO5e>e$N@8J*$N$J$+$G(B $B?M4V$@$1$,8@8lG=NO$r$b$D$N$O$J$<$+(B?$B!W$H$$$&Ld$$$KBP$7!"$=$l$O?M4V$,(B $B$3$N$h$&$J5-9f@8@.%^%7!<%s$rG>$NCf$K;}$C$F$$$k$+$i$G$"$j!"$=$l$i$O(B $B$$$:$l$N0lIt$H$7$FH/8+$5$l$k$G$"$m$&!"$H$5$(8@$C$F$$$k!#(B

$B8=:_!"!V8@8l3X!W$H$$$&(B $BJ,Ln$O!"

$B2;1$O@(B phonology
$B7ABVO@(B morphology
$B9=J8O@(B ($BE}8lO@(B) syntax
$B0UL#O@(B semantics
$B8lMQO@(B pragmatics

$B$3$l$i$NJ,Ln$K$D$$$F4JC1$K2r@b$7$F$*$/!#(B $B2;1$O@$H$O!"!V$"!$N!V$+$?$^$j!W$r=$>~$7$?$j(B $B$9$k$N$@$m$&$+!"$H$$$C$?8&5f$G$"$k!#0UL#O@$H$O!"$R$H$D$R$H$D$N(B $B!VC18l!W$,$I$N$h$&$J0UL#$r$b$C$F$$$k$+!"$H$$$C$?J,Ln$@$,!"$3$N(B $BJ,Ln$O$^$@9=J8O@$K$/$i$Y$F8&5f$,?J$s$G$$$J$$!#8lMQO@$O$"$k$R$H$D$N(B $BJ8(B ($BH/OC(B) $B$r$H$j$"$2!"$=$NH/OC$,J8L.$NCf$G$I$N$h$&$JF/$-$r$b$C$F$$$k$+(B $B$r8&5f$9$k(B ($B$?$H$($P0MMj$dU66J!"HiFy$J$I(B)$B!#$3$C$A$N$[$&$O$b$C$H(B $B8&5f$,?J$s$G$$$J$$!#$^$7$F$d$3$l$i$r$H$jF~$l$?<+A38@8l=hM}%7%9%F%`$J$I!"(B $B:#$N$H$3$m0l$D$b$J$$!#(B

$B:G=*E*$K$O!"<+A38@8l=hM}%7%9%F%`$O$3$l$i$9$Y$F$r$H$jF~$l$?$b$N$K(B $B$J$k$+$b$7$l$J$$!#$7$+$7$?$$$F$$$N9)3XE*9=B$J*$,$=$&$G$"$k$h$&$K!"(B $B%7%9%F%`$O$$$/$D$+$N%l%Y%k$KJ,$1$F@_7W$7!"$R$H$D$R$H$D$N%b%8%e!<%k$r(B $B@Q$_=E$M$F$$$/$3$H$,K>$^$7$$!#$3$N%7%9%F%`$r8@8l3X$HF1$8$h$&$KJ,3d$9$k$H(B $B$9$l$P!":G=*E*$J%7%9%F%`$O

$B2;AG2r@O%b%8%e!<%k(B ($B$$$o$f$k2;@ $B7ABVAG2r@O%b%8%e!<%k(B

$B9=J82r@O%b%8%e!<%k(B

$B0UL#2r@O%b%8%e!<%k(B

$BCLOC(B (discourse) $B2r@O%b%8%e!<%k(B

$B$3$l$i$N%b%8%e!<%k$N$&$A!"8=:_8&5f$,?J$s$G$$$k$N$O(B $B7ABVAG2r@O%b%8%e!<%k$H9=J82r@O%b%8%e!<%k!"$;$$$<$$0UL#2r@O%b%8%e!<%k(B $B$^$G$G$"$k!#$=$7$F$3$N7ABVAG2r@O$H9=J82r@O$H$$$&(B 2$B$D$N5;=Q$3$=$,!"(B $B8=:_$N<+A38@8l=hM}5;=Q$NCf3K$r$J$9$b$N$G$b$"$k$N$@!#$G$O!"(B $B

$BL\$B!#(B

2. $B7ABVAG2r@O$H$O(B

$B$5$F!"$9$G$KM=A[$,$D$$$?$@$m$&$,!"!V7ABVAG!W$H$$$&(B $B$3$H$P$O>e$K$"$2$?7ABVO@$N!V7ABV!W$H4X78$,$"$k!#F|K\8l$N3hMQ$r$_$l$P(B $B$o$+$k$h$&$K!"$"$k8l$O$$$m$$$m$J7ABV$KJQ2=$9$k!#$3$l$O1Q8l$G$b(B $B$=$&$@$7!"$[$H$s$I$N8@8l$K$_$i$l$k8=>]$G$"$k!#7ABVAG$H$O(B $BJ8;z$I$*$j$=$N7ABV$N!VAG!W!"$D$^$j8l$N$J$+$GJQ2=$7$J$$:G>.C10L$r$5$9!#(B $B$3$l$OC18l$H8F$P$l$F$$$k$b$N$K6a$$$,!"F|K\8l$G$O$b$C$H:Y$+$/J,N`$5$l$k!#(B $B$?$H$($P!"J8(B

$B!VMh$i$l$J$$$h$&$@$,!W(B $B$O!"

$BMh(B      $B%3(B      $BMh$k(B    $BF0;l(B-$B<+N)(B       $B%+JQ!&Mh%k(B      $BL$A3%l%k@\B3(B
$B$i$l(B    $B%i%l(B    $B$i$l$k(B  $BF0;l(B-$B@\Hx(B       $B0lCJ(B    $BL$A3%J%$@\B3(B
$B$J$$(B    $B%J%$(B    $B$J$$(B    $B=uF0;l(B  $BFC;l(B-$BHs<+N)(B-$B=uF0;l8l44(B           
$B$@(B      $B%@(B      $B$@(B      $B=uF0;l(B  $BFC

$B$3$N$h$&$K(B$B7ABVAG2r@O(B (Morphological analysis) $B$H$O!"(B
$BM?$($i$l$?J8$r7ABVAG$KJ,$1$k:n6H(B$B$N$3$H$r$$$&!#(B
$B$3$N:n6H$K$O!"$=$l$>$l$N7ABVAG$,$I$NIJ;l$KBP1~$9$k$+$H$$$&BP1~$E$1$b(B
$B4^$^$l$k!#7ABVAG2r@O$O$N$A$K=R$Y$k9=J82r@O$N:`NA$H$J$k(B$BIJ;lNs(B$B$r(B
$BDs6!$7!"9=J82r@O$NB->l$r$D$/$k!#(B
$B$3$s$J$3$H$,$J$<7W;;5!$K2DG=$+$H$$$&$H!"$=$l$OF|K\8l$K$O(B
$BC18l$N$I$NIJ;l$,$I$NIJ;l$H$D$J$,$k$+!"$H$$$&87L)$J5,B'$,$"$k$?$a$G$"$k!#(B
$B$?$H$($P!VMh$i$l$J$$$h$&$@$,!W$OF|K\8l$H$7$F2DG=$G$b!"(B
$B!VMh$@$J$$$,$h$&$i$l!W$O5v$5$l$J$$!#7ABVAG2r@O$N5;=Q$O!"(B
$B<+A38@8l=hM}$NCf$G$O$b$C$H$b4pK\E*$J5;=Q$G$"$j!"8=:_$N$H$3$mM#0l $BLd(B : $B$B!H$&$i$K$o$K$O$K$o$K$o$K$O$K$o$K$o$H$j$,$$$k!#!I(B

 $B$3$NLdBj$O;W$C$?$h$jC1=c$G$J$$!#:#$^$G$KJ9$$$?CN<1$+$i(B
$B!VN"Dm$K$OFs1)!"Dm$K$OFs1)!"7\$,$$$k!#!W(B
$B$H$$$&Ez$($,$&$+$V$,!"$3$l$@$1$G$O$J$$!#$?$H$($P!"(B
$B!VN"Dm$K>}NX!"Dm$K>}NX!"7\$,$$$k!#!W(B
$B$5$i$K$O!"$3$s$J$U$&$K$b$H$l$k!#(B
$B!VN"$K%o%K!"MU$K%o%K!"4D$K>}NX!"7\$,$$$k!#!W(B

 $B$3$l$i$O$$$:$l$b0UL#$OITL@$@$,!"F|K\8l$H$7$F5v$5$l$J$$$o$1$G$O$J$$(B
($BDI2C8&5f$H$7$F$O(B $B$3$3(B $B$r;2>H(B)$B!#(B
$B$I$l$,BEEv$+$O$=$NJ8$N0UL#$K$h$C$F7h$^$k$7!"$5$i$K$OJ8L.$dAj$B:G=*E*$K$O0UL#$^$G$9$Y$F9MN8$KF~$l$J$1$l$P@5$7$$@52r$O=P$;$J$$(B
$B$N$G$"$k!#$7$+$7:#$N$H$3$m$=$s$J$K5;=Q$OH/C#$7$F$J$$$N$G!"(B
$B$H$j$"$($:$3$3$G$O!VJ#?t$N2rEz$,$"$k!W$H$9$k$7$+$J$$!#(B
$B$3$N$h$&$K2rEz$,J#?t$"$C$F!"$I$A$i$H$b7hDj$G$-$J$$>u67$r(B
$B8@8l=hM}$NJ,Ln$G$O!V(B$B[#Kf$G$"$k(B$B!W$H8@$&!#$^$?$=$N$h$&$J[#Kf$J(B
$B2rEz$r$?$/$5$s=P$92DG=@-$N$3$H$r!V(B$B[#Kf@-(B$B!W$H$$$&!#$3$N(B 2$B$D$N(B
$BMQ8l$O8&5f<<$G$b$7$g$C$A$e$&;H$o$l$k$+$i!"3P$($F$*$/$3$H!#(B

 $B0lHL$K7ABVAG2r@O$N7k2L$O0lDL$j$G$O$J$/!"$+$J$j$N[#Kf@-$,$D$-$^$H$&!#(B
$B$3$l$O9=J82r@O$G$bF1$8$3$H$G$"$k!#7ABVAG2r@O$K[#Kf@-$,$"$j!"(B
$B$=$N8uJd$,B??t=PNO$5$l$k$H!"EvA3$=$l$r;H$&9=J82r@O$O$b$C$H$?$/$5$s$N(B
$B[#Kf@-$r@8$:$k$3$H$K$J$k!#$D$^$j7ABVAG2r@O%b%8%e!<%k$O9=J82r@O%b%8%e!<%k$N(B
$B2<$K0LCV$9$k$?$a$K!"$3$NB->l$,$"$d$&$$$H!"9=J82r@O$^$G$,Fq$7$/$J$k$N$G(B
$B$"$k!#9=J82r@O$G$O(B 10$B$N(B20$B>h$b$N(B
$B@52r!V(B$B8uJd(B$B!W$,=P$5$l$k$3$H$5$($"$k!#$$$m$$$m$J$B[#Kf@-$N2r>C(B$B$H8F$V!#8=:_$N<+A38@8l=hM}$N:GBg$NLdBj$O!"(B
$B$^$5$K$3$NG|Bg$J!V[#Kf@-!W$r$$$+$K$7$F8:$i$9$+!"$H$$$&$3$H$K$"$k$N$G$"$k!#(B
$B7W;;O@$G(B NP $B40A4LdBj$J$I$N35G0$r=,$C$?$H;W$&$,!"$3$l$r2r7h$7$J$1$l$P(B
$B$=$N@h$K$"$kJ8$N0UL#$r:Y$+$/5DO@$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$J$$!"$H$5$l$F$$$k!#(B
$B>/$/$H$b8=:_$NJ}K!O@$G$O$=$&$G$"$k!#(B

 $B$A$J$_$KEDCf!&FA1J8&5f<<$G8&5f$5$l$F$$$k(B MSLR $B9=J82r@O$O!"(B
$B7ABVAG2r@O(B (M) $B$H(B $B9=J82r@O(B (S) $B$rF1;~$K9T$&$3$H$,$G$-$k(B LR$B9=J82r@O$N(B
$B
  
 $BL\$B!#(B





3. $B9=J82r@O$H$O(B

$B$5$C$-!"J8L.<+M3J8K!$r;H$C$FF|K\8l$NL>;l@a$r@8@.$9$k$H$$$&$3$H$r(B
$B$d$C$?!#9=J82r@O(B (Syntactic analysis) $B$H$O$3$N!V@8@.!W$N5U$G!"(B
$BM?$($i$l$?J8(B ($B$3$l$O$9$G$K7ABVAG2r@O$O$5$l$F$$$F!"(B
$BC18l$N6h@Z$j$HIJ;l$NDj$7$F$h$$(B) $B$,(B
$B$I$N$h$&$J5,B'$K$h$C$F@8@.$5$l$?$+$r5U$K;;=P$9$k:n6H(B$B$N$3$H$r$$$&!#(B
$B$3$l$,$o$+$l$P!"J8$,$I$N$h$&$J!VF~$l;R9=B$!W$r$b$C$F$$$k$N$+$r(B
$BCN$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B

 $BNc$H$7$F!"
  
 NP $B"*(B ADJP NP
  
 ADJP $B"*(B NP pp


$B$3$3$G$B!VH~$7$$(B(ADJP) $B?e.20(B(NP) $B$N(B(pp) $B25=w(B(NP)$B!W(B
$B$r2r@O$9$k!#$3$NJ8$O!"$I$N$h$&$J5,B'$NE,MQ$K$h$C$F:n$i$l$?$b$N$G$"$m$&$+(B?
$B$3$l$rL@$i$+$K$9$k$3$H$r!V(B$BJ8$r9=J82r@O$9$k(B ($BJ8$r(B parse $B$9$k(B)$B!W$H$h$S!"(B
$B9=J82r@O$9$k5!3#(B ($B%W%m%0%i%`(B) $B$N$3$H$r(B parser $B$H$h$V!#(B

 $B>e$NJ8$r9=J82r@O$7$?7k2L$O!"$?$H$($P
NP(ADJP($BH~$7$$(B) NP(ADJP(NP($B?e.20(B) pp($B$N(B)) NP($B25=w(B)))


$B$3$l$O(B Lisp $B$J$I$G$h$/8+$i$l$k(B S$B<0$G2r@O7k2L$rI=$7$?$b$N$G$"$k!#(B
NP(A, B) $B$H$"$k$N$O!"(BNP $B$+$i(B A $B$H(B B $B$N(B
$BNs$,F3=P(B ($B@8@.(B) $B$5$l$?$H$$$&$3$H$rI=$9!#$5$9$,$K$3$l$G$O8+$K$/$$$N$G!"(B
$B>e$N(B S$B<0$r$b$&$9$3$78+$d$9$/=q$/$H!"$3$&$J$k(B :

  NP(
     ADJP($BH~$7$$(B)
     NP(
        ADJP(
            NP($B?e.20(B)
            pp($B$N(B)
           )
        NP($B25=w(B)
       )
    )


$B$3$&$7$F8+$F$_$k$H!"$3$NJ8$O@h$K$"$2$?5,B'$r
   NP
  
 $B"*(B ADJP NP
  
 $B"*(B ADJP ADJP NP
  
 $B"*(B ADJP ADJP $B25=w(B
  
 $B"*(B ADJP NP pp $B25=w(B
  
 $B"*(B ADJP NP $B$N(B $B25=w(B
  
 $B"*(B ADJP $B?e.20(B $B$N(B $B25=w(B
  
 $B"*(B $BH~$7$$(B $B?e.20(B $B$N(B $B25=w(B


$B$b$A$m$s!"$3$l0J30$K$b@5$7$=$&$J8uJd$O$"$k$,!#(B
$B$5$F!"$3$N$h$&$J5,B'$NE83+$O!"?t3XE*$K$O!VLZ(B (tree)$B!W9=B$$G(B
$BI=$9$3$H$,$G$-$k!#$3$l$O3XIt;~Be$K$9$G$K!V%*!<%H%^%H%s$H8@8l!W(B
$B$H$$$C$?9V5A$G=,$C$?$3$H$@$m$&!#9=J82r@O$N7k2L$rI=$7$?$3$N$h$&$J(B
$BLZ$O!V9=J82r@OLZ!W$"$k$$$O!V(B$B9=J8LZ(B (syntactic tree)$B!W$H8F$P$l$k!#(B
$B$D$^$jM?$($i$l$?J8$r9=J82r@O$9$k$H$O!"87L)$K8@$($P!"(B
$B$=$NJ8$K!VIUM?$5$l$k!W9=J8LZ$r;;=P$9$k$3$H$J$N$G$"$k!#(B

 $B7ABVAG2r@O$N9`$G$9$G$K=R$Y$?$h$&$K!"$3$N9=J82r@O$K$b$[$H$s$I$N(B
$B>l9g(B $BJ#?t$N8uJd$,B8:_$9$k!#$D$^$j!"9=J8LZ$,J#?tIUM?$G$-$k$h$&$JJ8$,(B
$BB?!9$"$k$N$G$"$k!#@h$NNcJ8$@$H!"0J2<$N$h$&$K(B 2$BDL$j$N9=J8LZ$,(B
$B9M$($i$l$k!#$=$l$>$l!"F|K\8l$H$7$F0UL#$r9M$($?>l9g$K0[$C$?0UL#$r(B
$B$b$C$F$$$k!#(B


$B9=J8LZ(B 1 ($B?e.20$,H~$7$$>l9g(B)


$B9=J8LZ(B 2 ($B25=w$,H~$7$$>l9g(B)

 $B$3$l$i$N[#Kf@-$b!"$d$O$jJ8L.$J$I$r9MN8$7$J$1$l$P:G=*E*$K$O(B
$B2r>C$G$-$J$$!#$7$+$7!"$3$&$$$C$?=$>~$N4X78$O!"!V2?$,!"2?$r=$>~$7$F$$$k$+!W(B
$B$r8+$L$1$P!"2r7h$G$-$k$3$H$b$"$k!#$?$H$($P!V7z@_Cf$N?e.20$N25=w!W(B
$B$@$C$?$i!"25=w$r7z@_$9$k$H$O$$$($J$$$+$i!"2f!9$O<+A3$K(B
$B!V?e.20$,7z@_Cf$J$N$@!W$H$$$&7kO@$K$?$I$j$D$/!#$7$+$7$3$N$h$&$J(B
$B2r7h$O7W;;5!$K$H$C$F$O$`$:$+$7$$!#LdBj$r2r7h$9$k$K$"$?$C$F!"KDBg$J(B
$B0lHL>o<1$,I,MW$H$J$k!#$7$+$7:G6a$OJ8K!$K$3$N$h$&$J(B$B@)Ls(B$B$r(B
$BM?$($k8&5f$b$J$5$l$F$$$k!#(B

 $B9=J82r@O$KH/@8$9$k[#Kf@-$OG|Bg$J$b$N$G!"$=$l$r$$$+$K>/$J$/$9$k$+(B
$B$H$$$C$?8&5f%F!<%^$OEDCf!&FA1J8&5f<<$G$bB?$$!#$=$l$K$O(B$BJ8K!$N@)Ls(B
$B$H8F$P$l$k$b$N$,%+%.$K$J$k!#$D$^$j!"J8K!5,B'$r$&$^$/$D$/$k$H!"(B
$B2r@O7k2L$,2?DL$j$b8=$l$J$$$h$&$K$G$-$k$N$@!#F|K\8l$NJ8K!$O!"(B
$B?tI4$+$i$J$k5,B'$NJ8L.<+M3J8K!$G$@$$$?$$I=8=$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$,!"(B
$B$3$N!VJ8K!5,B'$r=q$/!W(B
$B$H$$$&:n6H$O$A$g$&$I%W%m%0%i%`$rAH$`$N$K;w$F$$$k!#$"$kJ8K!$,!"$I$l$/$i$$(B
$BB?MM$J9=B$$NJ8$r@8@.$G$-$k$+$r!"$=$NJ8K!$N!VG=NO!W$H$$$&!#(B
$B $B9=J82r@O$K$"$?$C$F$O!"$=$N7W;;NL$K4X$9$k8&5f$b9T$o$l$F$$$k!#(B
$B%A%g%`%9%-!<$OJQ7A@[email protected]!$r$=$N@8@.%"%k%4%j%:%`$NJ#;($5$K$h$C$F(B
4$B$D$N%l%Y%k$KJ,$1$?!#$3$l$O$9$G$K3XIt$G$d$C$?$H;W$&$,!"$3$3$G$b$&(B
$B0lEY$^$H$a$F$*$/!#(B

   0$B7?8@8l(B - 
  
 $B@[email protected],B'$K$I$N$h$&$J=*C<5-9f!"Hs=*C<5-9f$rF~$l$F$b5v$5$l$k!#(B
       $B%A%e!<%j%s%0%^%7%s$G$J$1$l$P2r@O$G$-$J$$!#$=$l$O$D$^$j(B
       $B$3$N8@8l$N7W;;G=NO$,%A%e!<%j%s%0%^%7%s(B (= $B?tO@(B) $B$HF1Ey$G$"$k$H$$$&(B
       $B$3$H$G!"7W;;NL$r7A<0E*$K7hDj$9$k$N$OIT2DG=$G$"$k!#(B
  
 1$B7?8@8l(B -
  
 $B$$$o$f$k!VJ8L.0MB88@8l!W!#$3$3$G$$$&!VJ8L.!W$H$O!"(B
       aXb $B"*(B aABCb $B$J$I$N5,B'$K$*$$$F!"!V(BX$B!W$rE83+$9$k$?$a$N!"<~0O$K$"$k(B
       a $B$d(B b $B$J$I$NJ8;z$N$3$H$G$"$k!#(B
       $B$3$l$K$h$C$F!"$?$H$($P(B aXb $B$J$i(B X $B$,E83+$G$-$k$,!"(B
       pXq $B$J$iE83+$G$-$J$$!"$H$$$C$?>l9gJ,$1$,$G$-$k$N$G(B
       $B!VJ8L.0MB8!W$H8F$V!#$A$J$_$K!"$3$l$r;H$C$?9=J82r@O$O7W;;NL$,(B
       $BHs>o$K$+$+$k$N$G!"$^$@$[$H$s$I8&5f$5$l$F$$$J$$!#(B
  
 2$B7?8@8l(B -
  
 $B$$$o$f$k!VJ8L.<+M38@8l!W!#<+A38@8l$N2r@O$K$O$[$H$s$I(B
       $B$3$NJ8L.<+M38@8l$,;H$o$l$F$$$k!#J8L.0MB8$H0c$$!"@[email protected],B'$N(B
       $B:8JU$K5v$5$l$kHs=*C<5-9f$O$R$H$D$@$1$J$N$G!"$D$^$j!V$I$N$h$&$J(B
       $BJ8L.$G!W$3$l$,=P8=$7$F$bE83+$G$-$k!"$H$$$&$3$H$G!VJ8L.<+M3!W$H(B
       $B8F$P$l$k!#J8L.<+M3J8K!$O:G0-7W;;NL(B O(n^3) $B$G2r@O$G$-$k$3$H$,(B
       $B?t3XE*$K<($5$l$F$$$k$,!"$h$/;H$o$l$F$$$k%"%k%4%j%:%`$,I,$:$7$b(B
       O(n^3) $B%*!<%@!<$@$H$O8B$i$J$$!#(BO(n^3) $B$G2r@O$9$k(B
       $B%"%k%4%j%:%`$H$7$F$O(B
       
	  CKY$BK!(B
	 
 $B%A%c!<%H(B (chart) $BK!(B
	 
 $B%"!<%j!<(B (Earley) $BK!(B
       
       $B$J$I$,$"$k!#EDCf!&FA1J8&5f<<$G$h$/8&5f$5$l$F$$$k(B
       $B0lHL2=(B LR(GLR)$BK!(B$B$O!"87L)$K$O(B O(n^3) $B$G$J$$$N$@$,!"(B
       $BJ?6Q7W;;NL$,Dc$$$?$a7k2LE*$K$O9bB.$J%"%k%4%j%:%`$H$J$C$F$$$k!#(B
       $B$3$l$i$N%"%k%4%j%:%`$N>\:Y$O$$$:$lNX9V$G>\$7$/2r@b$5$l$k$@$m$&!#(B
  
 3$B7?8@8l(B -
  
 $B$$$o$f$k!V@55,8@8l!W$G!"$3$l$O:G0-$G$b(B O(n^2) $B$N%*!<%@!<$G(B
       $B2r@O$,2DG=!#$3$l$O<+A38@8l$N2r@OMQ$H$7$F$O$[$H$s$I;H$o$l$J$$!#(B



   $BL\$B!#(B





4. $BN}=,LdBj(B
 $B
  
 $B@h$K$"$2$?!VH~$7$$?e.20$N25=w!W$NNc$G!"@h$NJ8K!$G(B
       $B$"$NJ8$KBP$7$F$"$l0J30$N9=J82r@OLZ$O2DG=$+(B? $B2DG=$G$J$$$H$7$?$i!"(B
       $B$=$l$r?t3XE*$K>ZL@$9$k$K$O$I$&$9$l$P$h$$$+!#(B

  
 $BF1$8$/@h$NJ8K!$G!":#EY$O!VH~$7$$?e.20$N25=w!W$G$O$J$/!"(B
       $B!V25=w$NH~$7$$?e.20!W$H$$$&J8$r2r@O$7$F$_$h!#$3$NJ8$K$O(B
       $B[#Kf@-$,$"$k$+!"$"$k$H$7$?$i!"$=$l$i$OA4It$G2? George Zipf $B$H$$$&?M$O(B 1949$BG/$K!V%8%C%W$NK!B'!W$H8F$P$l$k$b$N$r(B
       $B9M$(=P$7$?!#$3$l$O!"$"$kJ8>O$K=P$F$/$kC18l$N=P8=2s?t(B ($BIQEY(B) $B$O!"(B
       $B$=$N=g0L$,(B n $BG\$N?t$K$J$k$H(B 1/n $B$K$J$k$H$$$&$b$N$G$"$k!#(B
       $B$?$H$($PJ8Cf$K=P$F$/$k(B $BBh(B1$B0L$NC18l$N=P8=2s?t$,(B 100 $B2s$G$"$k>l9g!"(B
       $BBh(B5$B0L$NC18l$N=P8=2s?t$O(B 1/5 $B$N(B 20$B2s$K$J$k!"$H$$$C$?6q9g$G$"$k!#(B
       $B$I$3$+$+$i$9$3$7D9$a$N1QJ8%U%!%$%k$r=&$C$F$-$F!"$=$NCf$K4^$^$l$F$$$k(B
       $BC18l$,%8%C%W$NK!B'$rK~$?$7$F$$$k$+3NG'$;$h!#$^$?!"$3$NK!B'$O(B
       $BF|K\8l$N7ABVAG$KBP$7$F$b@.$jN)$D$+!#%U%!%$%k$+$iC18l$r@Z$j=P$9$K$O(B
       awk $B$+(B perl $B$r;H$($P$G$-$k!#C18l$N2s?t$r?t$($F=g0L$E$1$9$kJ}K!$O(B
       $B<+J,$G9M$($k$3$H!#F|K\8l$N7ABVAG2r@O$O(B juman $B$d(B chasen $B$r(B
       $B;H$($P$G$-$k!#$3$N;H$$J}$K4X$7$F$O!"$@$l$+CN$C$F$$$=$&$J?M$K(B
       $B?V$/$3$H!#(BUNIX $B$K$"$kDxEY=,=O$7$F$$$J$$$H$G$-$J$$$+$i!"$3$l$,$b$7(B
       $B5;=QE*$K!V%`%j!W$@$H46$8$??M$O!"$^$@$^$@(B UNIX $B$NA`:n$r(B
       $BJY6/$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!#(B



   $BL\$B!#(B





5. $B8@8l=hM}4X78$NO@J8$K$h$/=P$F$/$k=EMW8l(B

   $B7ABVAG(B (morpheme)
  
 $BIJ;l(B (part of speech)
  
 $B3J(B (case)
  
 $BAG@-(B (feature)
  
 $B9=J8(B (syntax)
  
 $B9=J8LZ(B (syntactic tree, parse tree, syntactic structure)
  
 $B9=J82r@O(B (syntactic analysis, parsing)
  
 $BH/OC(B (speech)
  
 $BCLOC(B (discourse)
  
 $B[#Kf$J(B (ambiguous)
  
 $B[#Kf@-(B (ambiguity)



   $BL\$B!#(B




Last Modified: Fri Mar 21 19:59:25 JST 2008

Yusuke Shinyama