在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,
一、ribbon简介
Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies. —–摘自官网
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制http和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。
ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:
- IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
- IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
- IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
- ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
- ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
- ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
二、准备工作
基于上一节spring-cloud-eureka,启动eureka-server 工程;启动service-client工程,在idea中指定端口并多次启动,我这里分别启动了8081、8763、8762、8765端口,
方法:在VM options 中,添加参数-Dserver.port=8081
三、准备一个服务消费者
在上一个项目中再创建一个springboot模块
名称为:server-ribbon
pom.xml文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.itinfo.server-ribbon</groupId>
<artifactId>server-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>server-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,程序名称为 server-ribbon,程序端口为8764。配置文件application.yaml文件内容如下:
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: server-ribbon
在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServerRibbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServerRibbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
写一个测试类HelloService,通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费service-hello服务的“/hello”接口,在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址,在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名,代码如下:
@Service
public class HelloService {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String helloService(String name){
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-hello/hello?name=" + name,String.class);
}
}
写一个controller,在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法,代码如下:
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
public String hello(@RequestParam String name){
return helloService.helloService(name);
}
}
在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8764/hello?name=二哈,浏览器交替显示:
- hello二哈I am from port :8081
- hello二哈I am from port :8763
- hello二哈I am from port :8762
- hello二哈I am from port :8765
这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http://service-hello/hello?name=”+name,String.class)方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务实例。
此时项目结构图
- 一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为8761
- service-client工程跑了四个实例,端口分别为8762,8763,8765,8081分别向服务注册中心注册
- server-ribbon端口为8764,向服务注册中心注册
- 当server-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-client的hello接口时,因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用service-hello:8762、8763、8765、8081 四个端口的hello接口;