From: lamont@...
Date: 2021-07-10T01:20:26+00:00
Subject: [ruby-core:104573] [Ruby master Feature#15856] Performance of redundant `Kernel.require` is slow when many gems are activated

Issue #15856 has been updated by lamont (Lamont Granquist).


We've still been using the David Rodriguez patch with no reported issues around it for the past ~2 years or so.

It is likely that we don't hit the Digest issue due to the way we already have to play games with that built-in gem due to fips.

We also don't do rails, though, so it could certainly break something very common in that use case and we'd have never seen it.

(More just reporting here that we're still using it and still have no problems to report).

----------------------------------------
Feature #15856: Performance of redundant `Kernel.require` is slow when many gems are activated
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15856#change-92854

* Author: lamont (Lamont Granquist)
* Status: Assigned
* Priority: Normal
* Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA)
----------------------------------------
With many gems activated, performance of `Kernel.require` (renamed `Kernel.gem_original_require` after rubygems is loaded) is slow even when `require` has already been called (the redundant case).

This is likely because its string argument needs to be resolved to a pathname in order to be compared against a cache of already loaded paths shared between `require` and `require_relative`. But it becomes very expensive with lots of activated gems, particularly on windows, where `open`/`stat` is ten times more expensive than on linux.

`require` (but not `require_relative`, which is already fast) probably needs another layer of redundancy checking that examines if the string argument exists as a `Hash` key (which I believe is the way `require` used to work before `require_relative` was introduced).  The second time a `require` line is processed, it would find the value `true` and short circuit File I/O to resolve the filename.  Of course on the first time, it would still need to resolve the argument to full path and maintain the cache so that `require` and `require_relative` are still redundant between them.

After testing, I don't think this would introduce any behavior changes since `require` lines should always be redundant.  I thought it would fix some bugs, but I could not let the existing loader double-load a `require` line even though I tried to install and activate gems after requiring system libs.  I couldn't find any bugs, though, which also means that this should be backward compatible.

An strace of the process of a single `require "openssl"` after it has been already required looks like this:

```
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/uuidtools-2.1.5/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/chef-bin-15.0.276/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/public_suffix-3.0.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/addressable-2.6.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/mixlib-shellout-2.4.4/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/mixlib-cli-2.0.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/appbundler-0.12.5/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bcrypt_pbkdf-1.0.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/bcrypt_pbkdf-1.0.1/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/debug_inspector-0.0.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/debug_inspector-0.0.3/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/binding_of_caller-0.8.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/binding_of_caller-0.8.0/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/builder-3.2.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/byebug-11.0.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/byebug-11.0.1/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/tomlrb-1.2.8/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/mixlib-config-3.0.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/fuzzyurl-0.9.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/chef-config-15.0.276/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/net-ssh-5.2.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/net-scp-2.0.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/erubis-2.7.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.10.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/ffi-1.10.0/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/gssapi-1.3.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/gyoku-1.3.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/httpclient-2.8.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/little-plugger-1.1.4/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/multi_json-1.13.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/logging-2.2.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/nori-2.6.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rubyntlm-0.6.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/winrm-2.3.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rubyzip-1.2.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/winrm-fs-1.3.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/train-core-2.1.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/equatable-0.5.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/tty-color-0.4.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/pastel-0.7.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/tty-cursor-0.6.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/strings-ansi-0.1.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/unicode_utils-1.4.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/unicode-display_width-1.4.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/strings-0.1.4/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/tty-box-0.3.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/necromancer-0.4.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/timers-4.3.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/wisper-2.0.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/tty-screen-0.6.5/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/tty-reader-0.5.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/tty-prompt-0.18.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/license-acceptance-1.0.5/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/mixlib-log-3.0.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/mixlib-authentication-2.1.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/mixlib-archive-1.0.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/systemu-2.6.5/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/libyajl2-1.2.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/libyajl2-1.2.0/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-yajl-2.3.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/ffi-yajl-2.3.1/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/plist-3.5.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/ipaddress-0.8.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/wmi-lite-1.0.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/ohai-15.0.34/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/net-ssh-gateway-2.0.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/net-ssh-multi-1.2.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/net-sftp-2.1.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/ed25519-1.2.4/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/ed25519-1.2.4/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/highline-1.7.10/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/diff-lcs-1.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-libarchive-0.4.6/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/hashie-3.6.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/uuidtools-2.1.5/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rack-2.0.7/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/chef-zero-14.0.12/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/iniparse-1.4.4/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/syslog-logger-1.6.8/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/proxifier-1.0.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/chef-15.0.276/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/chef-bin-15.0.276/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/chef-vault-3.4.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/cheffish-14.0.4/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/coderay-1.1.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/safe_yaml-1.0.5/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/crack-0.4.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/docile-1.3.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/multipart-post-2.0.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/faraday-0.15.4/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/faraday_middleware-0.12.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/hashdiff-0.3.9/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/htmlentities-4.3.4/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/thor-0.20.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/method_source-0.9.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rspec-support-3.8.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rspec-core-3.8.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rspec-expectations-3.8.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rspec-mocks-3.8.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rspec-3.8.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rspec-its-1.3.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/pry-0.12.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sslshake-1.3.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/parallel-1.17.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/parslet-1.8.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/semverse-3.0.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/tty-table-0.10.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/tins-1.20.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/term-ansicolor-1.7.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/inspec-core-4.3.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/json-2.2.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/json-2.2.0/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/pry-byebug-3.7.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/slop-3.6.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/pry-remote-0.1.8/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/pry-stack_explorer-0.4.9.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rake-12.3.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rb-readline-0.5.5/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/rspec_junit_formatter-0.2.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/ruby-prof-0.17.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/ruby-prof-0.17.0/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/ruby-shadow-2.5.0/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/ruby-shadow-2.5.0/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/simplecov-html-0.10.2/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/simplecov-0.16.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/webmock-3.5.1/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/bundler-1.17.3/lib/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0/x86_64-linux/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/site_ruby/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/2.6.0/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/2.6.0/x86_64-linux/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/opt/chef/embedded/lib/ruby/2.6.0/openssl.rb", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC) = 7
```

On windows, this much I/O on every single `require` line can quickly add up to 100,000s of open calls, which takes several seconds on an SSD or up to a minute on a spinning drive just to evaluate the requires of an application that does no work (i.e. command line tooling).



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