一、docker安装
- 打开服务器
- 执行以下命令:
- 配置依赖
- sudo yum install -y yum-utils
- 配置docker yum镜像源
- sudo yum-config-manager \
- --add-repo \
- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
- 添加 yum缓存:
- sudo yum makecache fast
- 安装社区版本docker:
- sudo yum -y install docker-ce
- 配置加速:
- sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com",
"https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
"https://docker.nju.edu.cn"
]
}
EOF
复制这条命令注意这里缩进,否则无法正常执行!!!!
- 重启docker服务:sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
查看版本号:docker --version
按顺序执行命令即可,由于我已经安装过了,就不赘述了。最终执行 docker --version命令,出现版本号就表示安装成功了。如下图。
二、编写docker-compose.yaml文件
version: '1.0'
services:
minio:
image: minio/minio:latest
container_name: minio
network_mode: host
restart: always
environment:
#账号
MINIO_ACCESS_KEY: root
#密码
MINIO_SECRET_KEY: root123456
volumes:
- /usr/local/minio/data:/data
- /usr/local/minio/config:/root/.minio
command: ["server", "/data", "--console-address=:9001", "--address=:9000"]
由于我使用的是目录挂载方式,需要手动创建config及data目录,在启动前需执行以下两条命令。
mkdir -p /usr/loca/minio/config
mkdir -p /usr/loca/minio/data
在docker-compose.yaml所在目录下执行docker compose up -d命令 即可启动
docker ps 命令可查看minio容器是否运行成功
可以看到minio已经成功运行了。如启用了防火墙需开放9000,9001端口
systemctl start firewalld 启动防火墙
systemctl enable firewalld 开机自启
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=9000/tcp 开放9000端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=9001/tcp 开放9001端口
firewall-cmd --reload 重载防火墙配置
firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已开放端口
执行上面命令后通过 firewall-cmd --list-ports 命令 可查看已开放端口
这样你的minio环境就部署完毕。可通过你宿主的ip访问9000端口,出现如下界面就说明你成功部署了。如访问失败,请仔细查阅文档,是否配置有误。
三、配置编写
3.1 application.yml
accessKey:账号
secretKey:密码
bucketName:存储桶名
imgSize:文件大小
fileSize:文件大小
endpoint:ip地址
3.2 Maven核心配置
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-spring-boot3-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.minio</groupId>
<artifactId>minio</artifactId>
<version>8.5.7</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
四、MinioConfig配置类编写
package yjh.config;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import yjh.utils.MinIOUtils;
@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "minio") //这里对应配置文件minio,属性名需要和配置文件一致
public class MinIoConfig {
@Schema(description = "MinIO服务地址")
private String endpoint;
@Schema(description = "MinIO存储桶")
private String bucketName;
@Schema(description = "MinIO用户名")
private String accessKey;
@Schema(description = "MinIO密码")
private String secretKey;
@Schema(description = "图片大小限制")
private Integer imgSize;
@Schema(description = "文件大小限制")
private Integer fileSize;
//注册工具类,对Minio进行初始化
@Bean
public MinIOUtils creatMinioClient() {
return new MinIOUtils(endpoint, bucketName, accessKey, secretKey, imgSize, fileSize);
}
}
五、MinioUtils工具类编写
package yjh.utils;
import io.minio.*;
import io.minio.http.Method;
import io.minio.messages.Bucket;
import io.minio.messages.DeleteObject;
import io.minio.messages.Item;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
/**
* MinIO工具类
*/
@Slf4j
public class MinIOUtils {
@Schema(description = "MinIO客户端")
private static MinioClient minioClient;
@Schema(description = "MinIO服务地址")
private static String endpoint;
@Schema(description = "MinIO存储桶")
private static String bucketName;
@Schema(description = "MinIO用户名")
private static String accessKey;
@Schema(description = "MinIO密码")
private static String secretKey;
@Schema(description = "图片大小限制")
private static Integer imgSize;
@Schema(description = "文件大小限制")
private static Integer fileSize;
private static final String SEPARATOR = "/";
public MinIOUtils() {
createMinioClient();
}
public MinIOUtils(String endpoint, String bucketName, String accessKey, String secretKey, Integer imgSize, Integer fileSize) {
MinIOUtils.endpoint = endpoint;
MinIOUtils.bucketName = bucketName;
MinIOUtils.accessKey = accessKey;
MinIOUtils.secretKey = secretKey;
MinIOUtils.imgSize = imgSize;
MinIOUtils.fileSize = fileSize;
createMinioClient();
}
/**
* 创建基于Java端的MinioClient
*/
public void createMinioClient() {
try {
if (null == minioClient) {
log.info("开始创建 MinioClient...");
minioClient = MinioClient
.builder()
.endpoint(endpoint)
.credentials(accessKey, secretKey)
.build();
createBucketIfNotExists(bucketName);
log.info("创建完毕 MinioClient...");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("MinIO服务器异常:{}", e);
}
}
/**
* 获取上传文件前缀路径
* @return
*/
public static String getBasisUrl() {
return endpoint + SEPARATOR + bucketName + SEPARATOR;
}
/****************************** Operate Bucket Start ******************************/
/**
* 启动SpringBoot容器的时候初始化Bucket
* 如果没有Bucket则创建,并设置为公共可读
*/
private void createBucketIfNotExists(String bucketName) throws Exception {
boolean found = bucketExists(bucketName);
if (!found) {
minioClient.makeBucket(MakeBucketArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());
// 设置桶策略为公共可读
String policyJson = "{"
+ " \"Version\":\"2012-10-17\","
+ " \"Statement\":["
+ " {"
+ " \"Effect\":\"Allow\","
+ " \"Principal\":\"*\","
+ " \"Action\":[\"s3:GetObject\",\"s3:ListBucket\"],"
+ " \"Resource\":["
+ " \"arn:aws:s3:::" + bucketName + "\","
+ " \"arn:aws:s3:::" + bucketName + "/*\""
+ " ]"
+ " }"
+ " ]"
+ "}";
minioClient.setBucketPolicy(
SetBucketPolicyArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.config(policyJson)
.build()
);
log.info("Bucket {} 已创建并设置为公共可读", bucketName);
} else {
log.info("Bucket {} 已存在", bucketName);
}
}
/**
* 判断Bucket是否存在,true:存在,false:不存在
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static boolean bucketExists(String bucketName) throws Exception {
return minioClient.bucketExists(BucketExistsArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());
}
/**
* 获得Bucket的策略
* @param bucketName
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getBucketPolicy(String bucketName) throws Exception {
String bucketPolicy = minioClient
.getBucketPolicy(
GetBucketPolicyArgs
.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.build()
);
return bucketPolicy;
}
/**
* 获得所有Bucket列表
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static List<Bucket> getAllBuckets() throws Exception {
return minioClient.listBuckets();
}
/**
* 根据bucketName获取其相关信息
* @param bucketName
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static Optional<Bucket> getBucket(String bucketName) throws Exception {
return getAllBuckets().stream().filter(b -> b.name().equals(bucketName)).findFirst();
}
/**
* 根据bucketName删除Bucket,true:删除成功; false:删除失败,文件或已不存在
* @param bucketName
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void removeBucket(String bucketName) throws Exception {
minioClient.removeBucket(RemoveBucketArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).build());
}
/****************************** Operate Bucket End ******************************/
/****************************** Operate Files Start ******************************/
/**
* 判断文件是否存在
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 文件名
* @return
*/
public static boolean isObjectExist(String bucketName, String objectName) {
boolean exist = true;
try {
minioClient.statObject(StatObjectArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).object(objectName).build());
} catch (Exception e) {
exist = false;
}
return exist;
}
/**
* 判断文件夹是否存在
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 文件夹名称
* @return
*/
public static boolean isFolderExist(String bucketName, String objectName) {
boolean exist = false;
try {
Iterable<Result<Item>> results = minioClient.listObjects(
ListObjectsArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).prefix(objectName).recursive(false).build());
for (Result<Item> result : results) {
Item item = result.get();
if (item.isDir() && objectName.equals(item.objectName())) {
exist = true;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
exist = false;
}
return exist;
}
/**
* 根据文件前缀查询文件
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param prefix 前缀
* @param recursive 是否使用递归查询
* @return MinioItem 列表
* @throws Exception
*/
public static List<Item> getAllObjectsByPrefix(String bucketName,
String prefix,
boolean recursive) throws Exception {
List<Item> list = new ArrayList<>();
Iterable<Result<Item>> objectsIterator = minioClient.listObjects(
ListObjectsArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).prefix(prefix).recursive(recursive).build());
if (objectsIterator != null) {
for (Result<Item> o : objectsIterator) {
Item item = o.get();
list.add(item);
}
}
return list;
}
/**
* 获取文件流
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 文件名
* @return 二进制流
*/
public static InputStream getObject(String bucketName, String objectName) throws Exception {
return minioClient.getObject(GetObjectArgs.builder().bucket(bucketName).object(objectName).build());
}
/**
* 断点下载
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 文件名称
* @param offset 起始字节的位置
* @param length 要读取的长度
* @return 二进制流
*/
public InputStream getObject(String bucketName, String objectName, long offset, long length)throws Exception {
return minioClient.getObject(
GetObjectArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName)
.offset(offset)
.length(length)
.build());
}
/**
* 获取路径下文件列表
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param prefix 文件名称
* @param recursive 是否递归查找,false:模拟文件夹结构查找
* @return 二进制流
*/
public static Iterable<Result<Item>> listObjects(String bucketName, String prefix,
boolean recursive) {
return minioClient.listObjects(
ListObjectsArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.prefix(prefix)
.recursive(recursive)
.build());
}
/**
* 使用MultipartFile进行文件上传
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param file 文件名
* @param objectName 对象名
* @param contentType 类型
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static ObjectWriteResponse uploadFile(String bucketName, MultipartFile file,
String objectName, String contentType) throws Exception {
InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();
return minioClient.putObject(
PutObjectArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName)
.contentType(contentType)
.stream(inputStream, inputStream.available(), -1)
.build());
}
/**
* 上传本地文件
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 对象名称
* @param fileName 本地文件路径
*/
public static ObjectWriteResponse uploadFile(String bucketName, String objectName,
String fileName) throws Exception {
return minioClient.uploadObject(
UploadObjectArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName)
.filename(fileName)
.build());
}
/**
* 通过流上传文件
*
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 文件对象
* @param inputStream 文件流
*/
public static ObjectWriteResponse uploadFile(String bucketName, String objectName, InputStream inputStream) throws Exception {
return minioClient.putObject(
PutObjectArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName)
.stream(inputStream, inputStream.available(), -1)
.build());
}
/**
* 创建文件夹或目录
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 目录路径
*/
public static ObjectWriteResponse createDir(String bucketName, String objectName) throws Exception {
return minioClient.putObject(
PutObjectArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName)
.stream(new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[]{}), 0, -1)
.build());
}
/**
* 获取文件信息, 如果抛出异常则说明文件不存在
*
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 文件名称
*/
public static String getFileStatusInfo(String bucketName, String objectName) throws Exception {
return minioClient.statObject(
StatObjectArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName)
.build()).toString();
}
/**
* 拷贝文件
*
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 文件名
* @param srcBucketName 目标存储桶
* @param srcObjectName 目标文件名
*/
public static ObjectWriteResponse copyFile(String bucketName, String objectName,
String srcBucketName, String srcObjectName) throws Exception {
return minioClient.copyObject(
CopyObjectArgs.builder()
.source(CopySource.builder().bucket(bucketName).object(objectName).build())
.bucket(srcBucketName)
.object(srcObjectName)
.build());
}
/**
* 删除文件
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 文件名称
*/
public static void removeFile(String bucketName, String objectName) throws Exception {
minioClient.removeObject(
RemoveObjectArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName)
.build());
}
/**
* 批量删除文件
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param keys 需要删除的文件列表
* @return
*/
public static void removeFiles(String bucketName, List<String> keys) {
List<DeleteObject> objects = new LinkedList<>();
keys.forEach(s -> {
objects.add(new DeleteObject(s));
try {
removeFile(bucketName, s);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("批量删除失败!error:{}",e);
}
});
}
/**
* 获取文件外链
* @param bucketName 存储桶
* @param objectName 文件名
* @param expires 过期时间 <=7 秒 (外链有效时间(单位:秒))
* @return url
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getPresignedObjectUrl(String bucketName, String objectName, Integer expires) throws Exception {
GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs args = GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs.builder().expiry(expires).bucket(bucketName).object(objectName).build();
return minioClient.getPresignedObjectUrl(args);
}
/**
* 获得文件外链
* @param bucketName
* @param objectName
* @return url
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getPresignedObjectUrl(String bucketName, String objectName) throws Exception {
GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs args = GetPresignedObjectUrlArgs.builder()
.bucket(bucketName)
.object(objectName)
.method(Method.GET).build();
return minioClient.getPresignedObjectUrl(args);
}
/**
* 将URLDecoder编码转成UTF8
* @param str
* @return
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
*/
public static String getUtf8ByURLDecoder(String str) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String url = str.replaceAll("%(?![0-9a-fA-F]{2})", "%25");
return URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");
}
/****************************** Operate Files End ******************************/
}
该工具类设计实用,涵盖常见使用场景,可直接集成使用。项目启动时会自动连接并初始化 MinIO 服务,若存储桶不存在则自动创建,并设置为公开访问模式,避免了手动建桶和配置权限的操作,提升开发效率。
六、创建用于去重功能的表结构
CREATE TABLE `uploaded_files` (
`id` bigint(0) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`hash` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bg_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL,
`filename` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bg_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL,
`url` varchar(512) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bg_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
UNIQUE INDEX `hash`(`hash`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_bg_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
6.1 创建uploaded_files对应的实体,服务类
6.1.1 service
package yjh.service;
import yjh.entity.UploadedFiles;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;
/**
* <p>
* 服务类
* </p>
*
* @author author
* @since 2025-07-14
*/
public interface IUploadedFilesService extends IService<UploadedFiles> {
}
6.1.2 serviceImpl
package yjh.service.impl;
import yjh.entity.UploadedFiles;
import yjh.mapper.UploadedFilesMapper;
import yjh.service.IUploadedFilesService;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* <p>
* 服务实现类
* </p>
*
* @author author
* @since 2025-07-14
*/
@Service
public class UploadedFilesServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UploadedFilesMapper, UploadedFiles> implements IUploadedFilesService {
}
6.1.3 entity
package yjh.entity;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import java.io.Serial;
import java.io.Serializable;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
/**
* <p>
*
* </p>
*
* @author author
* @since 2025-07-14
*/
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
@Accessors(chain = true)
@TableName("uploaded_files")
public class UploadedFiles implements Serializable {
@Serial
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.ASSIGN_ID)
private Long id;
private String hash;
private String filename;
private String url;
}
6.1.3Mapper
package yjh.mapper;
import yjh.entity.UploadedFiles;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
/**
* <p>
* Mapper 接口
* </p>
*
* @author author
* @since 2025-07-14
*/
public interface UploadedFilesMapper extends BaseMapper<UploadedFiles> {
}
6.1.4 Mapper XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="yjh.mapper.UploadedFilesMapper">
</mapper>
七、文件上传接口实现
7.1 计算MD5工具类 FileHashUtils
package yjh.utils;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
public class FileHashUtils {
public static String calculateMD5(InputStream inputStream) throws Exception {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
int bytesRead;
while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
md.update(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}
byte[] digest = md.digest();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : digest) {
sb.append(String.format("%02x", b));
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
7.2 文件上传Controller编写
package yjh.controller;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.toolkit.Wrappers;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import yjh.config.MinIoConfig;
import yjh.entity.UploadedFiles;
import yjh.service.IUploadedFilesService;
import yjh.utils.FileHashUtils;
import yjh.utils.MinIOUtils;
import yjh.vo.ActionResult;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/common")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Tag(name = "文件上传服务", description = "文件上传服务")
public class CommonController {
private final MinIoConfig minIoConfig;
private final IUploadedFilesService uploadedFilesService;
@PostMapping("/uploadFile")
@Operation(summary = "上传文件", description = "上传文件")
public ActionResult<String> uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) throws Exception {
try {
String hash = FileHashUtils.calculateMD5(file.getInputStream());
UploadedFiles one = uploadedFilesService.getOne(Wrappers.lambdaQuery(UploadedFiles.class).eq(UploadedFiles::getHash, hash), false);
if (one != null) {
return ActionResult.success("上传成功", one.getUrl());
}
String filename = file.getOriginalFilename();
MinIOUtils.uploadFile(minIoConfig.getBucketName(), filename, file.getInputStream());
String path = MinIOUtils.getBasisUrl() + filename;
one = new UploadedFiles();
one.setHash(hash);
one.setFilename(filename);
one.setUrl(path);
uploadedFilesService.save(one);
return ActionResult.success("上传成功", path);
} catch (Exception e) {
return ActionResult.fail("文件上传失败:" + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
这个接口是用来上传文件的。在上传之前,我会先计算一下文件的 MD5 值。如果数据库里已经有相同 MD5 的文件,就说明这个文件已经传过了,直接返回之前的链接就行,不用再传一遍。
如果没找到相同的文件,才会真正把文件上传到 MinIO,并把文件名、MD5 和访问链接保存到数据库里,方便下次重复使用。
这样做的好处是:节省空间、加快上传速度,还能避免重复上传同一个文件 。
八、通过ApiFox测试是否成功搭建文件上传流程
可以看到,已经成功上传到服务器了
查看控制台信息
第一次上传时,文件会被正常上传至服务器。第二次上传时,系统会通过计算文件的 MD5 值判断其是否已存在,若存在则直接返回已有链接,实现“秒传”效果。
九、查看minio控制台
可以看到文件已经上传成功了。
十、结语
以上就是我关于文件上传优化的一些实践和总结。通过简单的 MD5 校验,就能实现一个高效又实用的小功能。技术不在于多复杂,而在于能不能解决问题。希望这篇内容对正在学习文件上传的你有所帮助!