Python打卡第50天-CSDN博客

知识点回顾：

resnet结构解析
CBAM放置位置的思考
针对预训练模型的训练策略
1. 差异化学习率
2. 三阶段微调

数据预处理+定义cbam

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 定义通道注意力
class ChannelAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, ratio=16):
        """
        通道注意力机制初始化
        参数:
            in_channels: 输入特征图的通道数
            ratio: 降维比例，用于减少参数量，默认为16
        """
        super().__init__()
        # 全局平均池化，将每个通道的特征图压缩为1x1，保留通道间的平均值信息
        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        # 全局最大池化，将每个通道的特征图压缩为1x1，保留通道间的最显著特征
        self.max_pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(1)
        # 共享全连接层，用于学习通道间的关系
        # 先降维（除以ratio），再通过ReLU激活，最后升维回原始通道数
        self.fc = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(in_channels, in_channels // ratio, bias=False),  # 降维层
            nn.ReLU(),  # 非线性激活函数
            nn.Linear(in_channels // ratio, in_channels, bias=False)   # 升维层
        )
        # Sigmoid函数将输出映射到0-1之间，作为各通道的权重
        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()

    def forward(self, x):
        """
        前向传播函数
        参数:
            x: 输入特征图，形状为 [batch_size, channels, height, width]
        返回:
            调整后的特征图，通道权重已应用
        """
        # 获取输入特征图的维度信息，这是一种元组的解包写法
        b, c, h, w = x.shape
        # 对平均池化结果进行处理：展平后通过全连接网络
        avg_out = self.fc(self.avg_pool(x).view(b, c))
        # 对最大池化结果进行处理：展平后通过全连接网络
        max_out = self.fc(self.max_pool(x).view(b, c))
        # 将平均池化和最大池化的结果相加并通过sigmoid函数得到通道权重
        attention = self.sigmoid(avg_out + max_out).view(b, c, 1, 1)
        # 将注意力权重与原始特征相乘，增强重要通道，抑制不重要通道
        return x * attention #这个运算是pytorch的广播机制

## 空间注意力模块
class SpatialAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, kernel_size=7):
        super().__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(2, 1, kernel_size, padding=kernel_size//2, bias=False)
        self.sigmoid = nn.Sigmoid()

    def forward(self, x):
        # 通道维度池化
        avg_out = torch.mean(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)  # 平均池化：(B,1,H,W)
        max_out, _ = torch.max(x, dim=1, keepdim=True)  # 最大池化：(B,1,H,W)
        pool_out = torch.cat([avg_out, max_out], dim=1)  # 拼接：(B,2,H,W)
        attention = self.conv(pool_out)  # 卷积提取空间特征
        return x * self.sigmoid(attention)  # 特征与空间权重相乘

## CBAM模块
class CBAM(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, ratio=16, kernel_size=7):
        super().__init__()
        self.channel_attn = ChannelAttention(in_channels, ratio)
        self.spatial_attn = SpatialAttention(kernel_size)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.channel_attn(x)
        x = self.spatial_attn(x)
        return x
    

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 设置中文字体支持
plt.rcParams["font.family"] = ["SimHei"]
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 解决负号显示问题

# 检查GPU是否可用
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print(f"使用设备: {device}")

# 数据预处理（与原代码一致）
train_transform = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.RandomCrop(32, padding=4),
    transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
    transforms.ColorJitter(brightness=0.2, contrast=0.2, saturation=0.2, hue=0.1),
    transforms.RandomRotation(15),
    transforms.ToTensor(),
    transforms.Normalize((0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465), (0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010))
])

test_transform = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.ToTensor(),
    transforms.Normalize((0.4914, 0.4822, 0.4465), (0.2023, 0.1994, 0.2010))
])

# 加载数据集（与原代码一致）
train_dataset = datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=True, download=True, transform=train_transform)
test_dataset = datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=False, transform=test_transform)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=False)

查看模型结构

import torch
import torchvision.models as models
from torchinfo import summary #之前的内容说了，推荐用他来可视化模型结构，信息最全

# 加载 ResNet18（预训练）
model = models.resnet18(pretrained=True)
model.eval()

# 输出模型结构和参数概要
summary(model, input_size=(1, 3, 224, 224))

放置cmba

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torchvision import models

# 自定义ResNet18模型，插入CBAM模块
class ResNet18_CBAM(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_classes=10, pretrained=True, cbam_ratio=16, cbam_kernel=7):
        super().__init__()
        # 加载预训练ResNet18
        self.backbone = models.resnet18(pretrained=pretrained) 
        
        # 修改首层卷积以适应32x32输入（CIFAR10）
        self.backbone.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(
            in_channels=3, out_channels=64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False
        )
        self.backbone.maxpool = nn.Identity()  # 移除原始MaxPool层（因输入尺寸小）
        
        # 在每个残差块组后添加CBAM模块
        self.cbam_layer1 = CBAM(in_channels=64, ratio=cbam_ratio, kernel_size=cbam_kernel)
        self.cbam_layer2 = CBAM(in_channels=128, ratio=cbam_ratio, kernel_size=cbam_kernel)
        self.cbam_layer3 = CBAM(in_channels=256, ratio=cbam_ratio, kernel_size=cbam_kernel)
        self.cbam_layer4 = CBAM(in_channels=512, ratio=cbam_ratio, kernel_size=cbam_kernel)
        
        # 修改分类头
        self.backbone.fc = nn.Linear(in_features=512, out_features=num_classes)

    def forward(self, x):
        # 主干特征提取
        x = self.backbone.conv1(x)
        x = self.backbone.bn1(x)
        x = self.backbone.relu(x)  # [B, 64, 32, 32]
        
        # 第一层残差块 + CBAM
        x = self.backbone.layer1(x)  # [B, 64, 32, 32]
        x = self.cbam_layer1(x)
        
        # 第二层残差块 + CBAM
        x = self.backbone.layer2(x)  # [B, 128, 16, 16]
        x = self.cbam_layer2(x)
        
        # 第三层残差块 + CBAM
        x = self.backbone.layer3(x)  # [B, 256, 8, 8]
        x = self.cbam_layer3(x)
        
        # 第四层残差块 + CBAM
        x = self.backbone.layer4(x)  # [B, 512, 4, 4]
        x = self.cbam_layer4(x)
        
        # 全局平均池化 + 分类
        x = self.backbone.avgpool(x)  # [B, 512, 1, 1]
        x = torch.flatten(x, 1)  # [B, 512]
        x = self.backbone.fc(x)  # [B, 10]
        return x
    
# 初始化模型并移至设备
model = ResNet18_CBAM().to(device)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)
scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau(optimizer, mode='min', patience=3, factor=0.5)

2种训练策略

差异化学习率+三阶段式解冻与微调

import time

# ======================================================================
# 4. 结合了分阶段策略和详细打印的训练函数
# ======================================================================
def set_trainable_layers(model, trainable_parts):
    print(f"\n---> 解冻以下部分并设为可训练: {trainable_parts}")
    for name, param in model.named_parameters():
        param.requires_grad = False
        for part in trainable_parts:
            if part in name:
                param.requires_grad = True
                break

def train_staged_finetuning(model, criterion, train_loader, test_loader, device, epochs):
    optimizer = None
    
    # 初始化历史记录列表，与你的要求一致
    all_iter_losses, iter_indices = [], []
    train_acc_history, test_acc_history = [], []
    train_loss_history, test_loss_history = [], []

    for epoch in range(1, epochs + 1):
        epoch_start_time = time.time()
        
        # --- 动态调整学习率和冻结层 ---
        if epoch == 1:
            print("\n" + "="*50 + "\n🚀 **阶段 1：训练注意力模块和分类头**\n" + "="*50)
            set_trainable_layers(model, ["cbam", "backbone.fc"])
            optimizer = optim.Adam(filter(lambda p: p.requires_grad, model.parameters()), lr=1e-3)
        elif epoch == 6:
            print("\n" + "="*50 + "\n✈️ **阶段 2：解冻高层卷积层 (layer3, layer4)**\n" + "="*50)
            set_trainable_layers(model, ["cbam", "backbone.fc", "backbone.layer3", "backbone.layer4"])
            optimizer = optim.Adam(filter(lambda p: p.requires_grad, model.parameters()), lr=1e-4)
        elif epoch == 21:
            print("\n" + "="*50 + "\n🛰️ **阶段 3：解冻所有层，进行全局微调**\n" + "="*50)
            for param in model.parameters(): param.requires_grad = True
            optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-5)
        
        # --- 训练循环 ---
        model.train()
        running_loss, correct, total = 0.0, 0, 0
        for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
            data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            output = model(data)
            loss = criterion(output, target)
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()
            
            # 记录每个iteration的损失
            iter_loss = loss.item()
            all_iter_losses.append(iter_loss)
            iter_indices.append((epoch - 1) * len(train_loader) + batch_idx + 1)
            
            running_loss += iter_loss
            _, predicted = output.max(1)
            total += target.size(0)
            correct += predicted.eq(target).sum().item()
            
            # 按你的要求，每100个batch打印一次
            if (batch_idx + 1) % 100 == 0:
                print(f'Epoch: {epoch}/{epochs} | Batch: {batch_idx+1}/{len(train_loader)} '
                      f'| 单Batch损失: {iter_loss:.4f} | 累计平均损失: {running_loss/(batch_idx+1):.4f}')
        
        epoch_train_loss = running_loss / len(train_loader)
        epoch_train_acc = 100. * correct / total
        train_loss_history.append(epoch_train_loss)
        train_acc_history.append(epoch_train_acc)

        # --- 测试循环 ---
        model.eval()
        test_loss, correct_test, total_test = 0, 0, 0
        with torch.no_grad():
            for data, target in test_loader:
                data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
                output = model(data)
                test_loss += criterion(output, target).item()
                _, predicted = output.max(1)
                total_test += target.size(0)
                correct_test += predicted.eq(target).sum().item()
        
        epoch_test_loss = test_loss / len(test_loader)
        epoch_test_acc = 100. * correct_test / total_test
        test_loss_history.append(epoch_test_loss)
        test_acc_history.append(epoch_test_acc)
        
        # 打印每个epoch的最终结果
        print(f'Epoch {epoch}/{epochs} 完成 | 耗时: {time.time() - epoch_start_time:.2f}s | 训练准确率: {epoch_train_acc:.2f}% | 测试准确率: {epoch_test_acc:.2f}%')
    
    # 训练结束后调用绘图函数
    print("\n训练完成! 开始绘制结果图表...")
    plot_iter_losses(all_iter_losses, iter_indices)
    plot_epoch_metrics(train_acc_history, test_acc_history, train_loss_history, test_loss_history)
    
    # 返回最终的测试准确率
    return epoch_test_acc

# ======================================================================
# 5. 绘图函数定义
# ======================================================================
def plot_iter_losses(losses, indices):
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 4))
    plt.plot(indices, losses, 'b-', alpha=0.7, label='Iteration Loss')
    plt.xlabel('Iteration（Batch序号）')
    plt.ylabel('损失值')
    plt.title('每个 Iteration 的训练损失')
    plt.legend()
    plt.grid(True)
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

def plot_epoch_metrics(train_acc, test_acc, train_loss, test_loss):
    epochs = range(1, len(train_acc) + 1)
    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))
    plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
    plt.plot(epochs, train_acc, 'b-', label='训练准确率')
    plt.plot(epochs, test_acc, 'r-', label='测试准确率')
    plt.xlabel('Epoch')
    plt.ylabel('准确率 (%)')
    plt.title('训练和测试准确率')
    plt.legend(); plt.grid(True)
    plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
    plt.plot(epochs, train_loss, 'b-', label='训练损失')
    plt.plot(epochs, test_loss, 'r-', label='测试损失')
    plt.xlabel('Epoch')
    plt.ylabel('损失值')
    plt.title('训练和测试损失')
    plt.legend(); plt.grid(True)
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

# ======================================================================
# 6. 执行训练
# ======================================================================
model = ResNet18_CBAM().to(device)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
epochs = 50

print("开始使用带分阶段微调策略的ResNet18+CBAM模型进行训练...")
final_accuracy = train_staged_finetuning(model, criterion, train_loader, test_loader, device, epochs)
print(f"训练完成！最终测试准确率: {final_accuracy:.2f}%")

# torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'resnet18_cbam_finetuned.pth')
# print("模型已保存为: resnet18_cbam_finetuned.pth")

训练完成！最终测试准确率: 91.75%