Django学习

创建项目

django-admin startproject mysite

目录结构如下： 

查看帮助

终端页面输入以下命令

django-admin help

django-admin help

Type 'django-admin help <subcommand>' for help on a specific subcommand.

Available subcommands:

[django]
    check
    compilemessages
    createcachetable
    dbshell
    diffsettings
    dumpdata
    flush
    inspectdb
    loaddata
    makemessages
    makemigrations
    migrate
    runserver
    sendtestemail
    shell
    showmigrations
    sqlflush
    sqlmigrate
    sqlsequencereset
    squashmigrations
    startapp
    startproject
    test
    testserver

 运行项目

py manage.py runserver

或

python manage.py runserver

 控制台打印如下：

py manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

You have 15 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for a
pp(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
April 17, 2022 - 18:10:58
Django version 2.1.3, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
[17/Apr/2022 18:11:01] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 16348

浏览器 

创建app 

py manage.py startapp polls

目录

编写第一个视图

polls/views.py文件修改如下：

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.


def index(request):
    return HttpResponse('这里是投票站点！')

然后polls目录下新建urls.py文件

from django.urls import path

from polls import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
]

接着修改mysite/urls.py文件

"""mysite URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('polls/', include('polls.urls'))
]

然后使用命令运行项目 

在浏览器地址栏中输入：http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/

 创建数据库

python manage.py migrate

 控制台打印

python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

创建模型

polls/models.py文件修改如下：

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')


class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=8)

 mysite.py文件修改如下：

添加app

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'polls',
]

终端输入：

python manage.py makemigrations polls

python manage.py makemigrations polls
Migrations for 'polls':
  polls\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model Choice
    - Create model Question
    - Add field question to choice

Django 会检测你对模型文件的修改，把这些改动保存为一个“迁移(migration)”。

python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Choice
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "choice_text" varchar(200) NO
T NULL, "votes" integer NOT NULL);
--
-- Create model Question
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_question" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "question_text" varchar(200
) NOT NULL, "pub_date" datetime NOT NULL);
--
-- Add field question to choice
--
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice" RENAME TO "polls_choice__old";
CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "choice_text" varchar(200) NO
T NULL, "votes" integer NOT NULL, "question_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "polls_question" ("id") DEFERRA
BLE INITIALLY DEFERRED);
INSERT INTO "polls_choice" ("id", "choice_text", "votes", "question_id") SELECT "id", "choice_text", "votes
", NULL FROM "polls_choice__old";
DROP TABLE "polls_choice__old";
CREATE INDEX "polls_choice_question_id_c5b4b260" ON "polls_choice" ("question_id");
COMMIT;

 执行命令

python manage.py migrate

python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, polls, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying polls.0001_initial... OK