HDFS的Shell操作

1. 命令大全

hadoop fs 或 hdfs dfs 查看

2. 常用命令实操

2.1 启动hadoop集群

脚本代码

[atguigu@hadoop103 bin]$ cat myhadoop.sh 
#!/bin/bash

if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
    echo "No Args Input..."
    exit ;
fi

case $1 in
"start")
        echo " =================== 启动 hadoop集群 ==================="

        echo " --------------- 启动 hdfs ---------------"
        ssh hadoop102 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin/start-dfs.sh"
        echo " --------------- 启动 yarn ---------------"
        ssh hadoop103 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin/start-yarn.sh"
        echo " --------------- 启动 historyserver ---------------"
        ssh hadoop102 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/bin/mapred --daemon start historyserver"
;;
"stop")
        echo " =================== 关闭 hadoop集群 ==================="

        echo " --------------- 关闭 historyserver ---------------"
        ssh hadoop102 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/bin/mapred --daemon stop historyserver"
        echo " --------------- 关闭 yarn ---------------"
        ssh hadoop103 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin/stop-yarn.sh"
        echo " --------------- 关闭 hdfs ---------------"
        ssh hadoop102 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin/stop-dfs.sh"
;;
*)
    echo "Input Args Error..."
;;
esac

查看集群是否启动成功

[atguigu@hadoop103 bin]$ cat jpsall
#!/bin/bash

for host in hadoop102 hadoop103 hadoop104
do
        echo =============== $host ===============
        ssh $host jps 
done

展示效果

2.2 创建/sanguo文件夹

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /sanguo

创建目录成功，通过9870端口查看

http://hadoop102:9870/explorer.html#/

2.3 上传指令

1. -moveFromLocal：从本地剪切粘贴到HDFS

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim shuguo.txt
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ cat shuguo.txt 
shuguo
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./shuguo.txt /sanguo
2024-10-15 15:32:53,928 INFO sasl.SaslDataTransferClient: SASL encryption trust check: localHostTrusted = false, remoteHostTrusted = false

上传成功

2. -copyFromLocal：从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径去

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ vim weiguo.txt
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ cat weiguo.txt 
weiguo
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal weiguo.txt /sanguo
2024-10-15 15:36:33,132 INFO sasl.SaslDataTransferClient: SASL encryption trust check: localHostTrusted = false, remoteHostTrusted = false

3. -put：等同于copyFromLocal，生产环境更习惯用put
   

4. -appendToFile：追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾
   
   上传成功到集群上
   

2.4 下载指令

1）-copyToLocal：从HDFS拷贝到本地

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo.txt ./

2）-get：等同于copyToLocal，生产环境更习惯用get

HDFS直接操作

1）-ls: 显示目录信息

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -ls /sanguo

2）-cat：显示文件内容

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo.txt

3）-chgrp、-chmod、-chown：Linux文件系统中的用法一样，修改文件所属权限

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs  -chmod 666  /sanguo/shuguo.txt

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs  -chown  atguigu:atguigu   /sanguo/shuguo.txt

4）-mkdir：创建路径

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /jinguo

5）-cp：从HDFS的一个路径拷贝到HDFS的另一个路径

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo.txt /jinguo

6）-mv：在HDFS目录中移动文件

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/wuguo.txt /jinguo

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -mv /sanguo/weiguo.txt /jinguo

7）-tail：显示一个文件的末尾1kb的数据

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -tail /jinguo/shuguo.txt

8）-rm：删除文件或文件夹

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm /sanguo/shuguo.txt

9）-rm -r：递归删除目录及目录里面内容

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -rm -r /sanguo

10）-du统计文件夹的大小信息

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /jinguo
27  81  /jinguo

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du  -h /jinguo
14  42  /jinguo/shuguo.txt
7   21   /jinguo/weiguo.txt
6   18   /jinguo/wuguo.tx

说明：27表示文件大小；81表示27*3个副本；/jinguo表示查看的目录

11）-setrep：设置HDFS中文件的副本数量

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /jinguo/shuguo.txt

这里设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中，是否真的会有这么多副本，还得看DataNode的数量。因为目前只有3台设备，最多也就3个副本，只有节点数的增加到10台时，副本数才能达到10。