Http请求的优雅使用-RestTemplate

原创已于 2022-01-25 14:38:22 修改 · 366 阅读

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文章标签：

#http #spring #restful

于 2021-09-08 17:34:53 首次发布

本文介绍了如何在Spring Boot项目中使用RestTemplate简化HTTP请求，并展示了如何配置RestTemplate以忽略证书，便于在开发环境中调用不安全的HTTPS服务。首先，通过@Bean注解创建RestTemplate实例，然后在需要忽略证书的情况下，通过构建SSLContext和HttpClient配置RestTemplate，实现连接超时和读取超时的设置。

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在开发过程中不免碰到调用其他服务接口的问题，以前都是写一堆代码来实现http请求。

Spring提供了一种优雅的调用方式，代码更简洁-----RestTemplate

在SPringleBoot项目中基础配置使用如下：

Spring初始化时加载RestTemplate

package com.chinamobile.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;


@Configuration
public class RestConfig {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

调用

 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
 headers.setContentType(MediaType.valueOf("application/json;UTF-8"));
 HttpEntity<String> strEntity = new HttpEntity<String>(message,headers);
 String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8011/v1/test/message";
 String msg = restTemplate.postForObject(url,strEntity,String.class);

针对忽略证书调用配置RestTemplate：

import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {
        return new RestTemplate(factory);
    }

    @Bean
    public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {
        HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setConnectTimeout(3000);
        factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
        return factory;
    }

    public static HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory generateHttpRequestFactory()
            throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException, KeyStoreException {
        TrustStrategy acceptingTrustStrategy = (x509Certificates, authType) -> true;
        SSLContext sslContext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(null, acceptingTrustStrategy).build();
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory connectionSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,
                new NoopHostnameVerifier());
        HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClients.custom();
        httpClientBuilder.setSSLSocketFactory(connectionSocketFactory);
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpClientBuilder.build();
        HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setHttpClient(httpClient);
        return factory;
    }
}

 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(new MediaType("application", "json", StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(json, headers);
        RestTemplate restTemplateHttps = null;
        try {
            restTemplateHttps = new RestTemplate(RestTemplateConfig.generateHttpRequestFactory());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("excuteUrl catch exception is :{}", e.getMessage());
            return null;
        }
        ResponseEntity<String> stringResponseEntity = restTemplateHttps.exchange(URL, HttpMethod.POST, entity, String.class);
        JSONObject result = JSONObject.parseObject(stringResponseEntity.getBody());
        return result;