JavaDemo——AES对称加密

该文章展示了如何在Java中使用AES进行加密和解密操作,包括ECB、CBC、CFB和OFB模式,并对比了与DES加密的区别。代码示例中演示了不同模式下的加密和解密过程,以及密钥和初始化向量的使用。

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AES,高级加密标准,用来代替之前的DES,是一种对称分组加密;

密钥长度可以是128、192或者256位;

几个demo:

AES_ECB加密:

/**
 * 2023年4月11日上午10:15:23
 */
package testAES;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

/**
 * @author XWF
 *
 */
public class TestAES_ECB {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String pass = "1234567890asdfgh";	//加密解密用的密码,长度16或者24或者32
//		String pass = "123456789012345678901234";
//		String pass = "12345678901234567890123456789012";
		String msg = "hello 你好";
		try {
			byte[] key = pass.getBytes("utf-8");
			SecretKeySpec keyspec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");	//使用AES
			
			//加密
			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");	//参数格式:Names/Modes/Padding,可以组合出多种
			cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keyspec);	//加密模式
			byte[] encodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(msg.getBytes("utf-8"));
			System.out.println("AES_ECB加密后:" + new String(encodeBytes));
			
			//解密
			cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keyspec);	//解密模式(对称加密使用相同密码)
			byte[] decodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(encodeBytes);
			System.out.println("AES_ECB解密后:" + new String(decodeBytes, "utf-8"));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

运行结果:

AES_CBC加密:

/**
 * 2023年4月11日上午10:24:39
 */
package testAES;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

/**
 * @author XWF
 *
 */
public class TestAES_CBC {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String pass = "1234567890asdfgh";
		String msg = "hello 你好";
		try {
			byte[] key = pass.getBytes("utf-8");
			SecretKeySpec keyspec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
			
			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/ISO10126Padding");	//Modes使用CBC,需要初始化向量IV,填充换个别的试试
			IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec("1234567890123456".getBytes("utf-8"));	//初始化向量IV,长度只能16
			cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keyspec, iv);	//CBC模式需要传入初始化向量IV
			byte[] encodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(msg.getBytes("utf-8"));
			System.out.println("使用AES_CBC加密后:" + new String(encodeBytes));
			
			cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keyspec, iv);
			byte[] decodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(encodeBytes);
			System.out.println("使用AES_CBC解密后:" + new String(decodeBytes, "utf-8"));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

运行结果:

AES_CFB加密:

/**
 * 2023年4月11日上午11:00:29
 */
package testAES;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

/**
 * @author XWF
 *
 */
public class TestAES_CFB {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String pass = "1122334455667788";
		String msg = "hello 你好";
		try {
			byte[] key = pass.getBytes("utf-8");
			SecretKeySpec keyspec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
			
			//加密
			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CFB/PKCS5Padding");
//			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CFB8/PKCS5Padding");
//			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CFB32/PKCS5Padding");
//			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CFB64/PKCS5Padding");
			IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec("1234567887654321".getBytes("utf-8"));
			cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keyspec, iv);
			byte[] encodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(msg.getBytes("utf-8"));
			System.out.println("使用AES_CFB加密后:" + new String(encodeBytes));
			
			//解密
			cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keyspec, iv);
			byte[] decodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(encodeBytes);
			System.out.println("使用AES_CFB解密后:" + new String(decodeBytes, "utf-8"));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

运行结果:

AES_OFB加密:

/**
 * 2023年4月11日上午11:09:02
 */
package testAES;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

/**
 * @author XWF
 *
 */
public class TestAES_OFB {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String pass = "1122334455667788";
		String msg = "hello 你好";
		try {
			byte[] key = pass.getBytes("utf-8");
			SecretKeySpec keyspec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES");
			
			//加密
			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/OFB24/PKCS5Padding");
//			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/OFB40/PKCS5Padding");
//			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/OFB48/PKCS5Padding");
//			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/OFB56/PKCS5Padding");
			IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec("1234567887654321".getBytes("utf-8"));
			cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keyspec, iv);
			byte[] encodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(msg.getBytes("utf-8"));
			System.out.println("使用AES_OFB加密后:" + new String(encodeBytes));
			
			//解密
			cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keyspec, iv);
			byte[] decodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(encodeBytes);
			System.out.println("使用AES_OFB解密后:" + new String(decodeBytes, "utf-8"));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

运行结果:

之前的DES加密也可以使用,将AES换成DES,改变密码长度即可:

/**
 * 2023年4月11日上午10:34:13
 */
package testAES;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

/**
 * @author XWF
 *
 */
public class TestDES_CBC {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String pass = "12345678";	//DES密码长度是8
		String msg = "hello 你好";
		try {
			byte[] key = pass.getBytes("utf-8");
			SecretKeySpec keyspec = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");	//DES
			
			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
			IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec("87654321".getBytes("utf-8"));	//长度也是8
			cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keyspec, iv);
			byte[] encodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(msg.getBytes("utf-8"));
			System.out.println("使用DES_CBC加密后:" + new String(encodeBytes));
			
			cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keyspec, iv);
			byte[] decodeBytes = cipher.doFinal(encodeBytes);
			System.out.println("使用DES_CBC解密后:" + new String(decodeBytes, "utf-8"));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

运行结果:

Cipher的参数Names/Modes/Padding可以从官网查看:Java Security Standard Algorithm Names (oracle.com)

AES规范文档:FIPS 197, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) (nist.gov)

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