React - 路由组件传参

本文详细介绍了在React中如何使用`params`, `search`和`state`三种方式在路由组件间传递参数。通过实例展示了如何设置路由链接、注册路由以及在目标组件中接收并解析参数。对于`search`传参,还涉及到使用`querystring`库进行URL编码字符串的解析。

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  • params传参:类似多级路由方式传递,数据存放在 this.props.match.params 中。
  • search传参:与urlquery方式相同,数据存放在this.props.location.search中,格式为urlencode编码字符串。
  • state传参:使用对象的形式传递,数据存放在this.props.location.state中,url不会有变化,通过缓存来保存数据。

Detail 路由组件参数:id='01'title='城市1'

一. params传参

  1. 路由链接(携带参数属性值)

    <Link to='/home/detail/01/城市1'>城市</Link>
    
  2. 注册路由(携带参数属性名)

    <Route path="/home/detail/:id/:title" component={Detail}></Route>
    
  3. 接收传递的参数

    const { id, title } = this.props.match.params
    
  4. params 传参 案例

    Home 路由组件传递传参

    import React, { Component } from "react";
    import { Link, Route } from "react-router-dom";
    import Detail from "./Detail";
    export default class Home extends Component {
      state = {
        messageArr: [
          { id: "01", title: "城市1" },
          { id: "02", title: "城市2" },
          { id: "03", title: "城市3" },
        ],
      };
      render() {
        const { messageArr } = this.state;
        return (
          <div>
            <ul>
              {messageArr.map((mesObj) => {
                return (
                  <li key={mesObj.id}>
                    {/* 向路由组件传递 params 参数属性值 */}
                    <Link to={`/home/detail/${mesObj.id}/${mesObj.title}`}>
                      {mesObj.title}
                    </Link>
                  </li>
                );
              })}
            </ul>
            <hr />
            {/* 向路由组件传递 params 参数属性名 */}
            <Route path="/home/detail/:id/:title" component={Detail}></Route>
          </div>
        );
      }
    }
    

    Detail 路由组件接收参数

    import React, { Component } from "react";
    
    const detailData = [
      { id: "01", city: "江苏" },
      { id: "02", city: "安徽" },
      { id: "03", city: "上海" },
    ];
    export default class Detail extends Component {
      render() {
        // 接收 params 参数
        const { id, title } = this.props.match.params;
        const contentRes = detailData.find((detailObj) => {
          return detailObj.id === id;
        });
        return (
          <ul>
            <li>ID:{id}</li>
            <li>TITLE:{title}</li>
            <li>CITY:{contentRes.city}</li>
          </ul>
        );
      }
    }
    

二. search传参

  1. 路由链接(携带参数)

    <Link to='/home/detail?id=01&title=城市1'>城市</Link>
    
  2. 注册路由(参数无需声明,正常注册路由即可)

    <Route path="/home/detail" component={Detail} />
    
  3. 接收传递的参数

    1. 获取到的 search 参数是 urlencode 编码字符串,需要借助 qs(querystring) 解析
    2. qs安装:npm install qs --save
  4. search 传参 案例

    Home 路由组件传递传参

    import React, { Component } from "react";
    import { Link, Route } from "react-router-dom";
    import Detail from "./Detail";
    export default class Home extends Component {
      state = {
        messageArr: [
          { id: "01", title: "城市1" },
          { id: "02", title: "城市2" },
          { id: "03", title: "城市3" },
        ],
      };
      render() {
        const { messageArr } = this.state;
        return (
          <div>
            <ul>
              {messageArr.map((mesObj) => {
                return (
                  <li key={mesObj.id}>
                    {/* 向路由组件传递 search 参数属性值 */}
                    <Link
                      to={`/home/detail?id=${mesObj.id}&title=${mesObj.title}`}
                    >
                      {mesObj.title}
                    </Link>
                  </li>
                );
              })}
            </ul>
            <hr />
            {/* search 参数无需声明,正常注册路由即可 */}
            <Route path="/home/detail" component={Detail} />
          </div>
        );
      }
    }
    
    

    Detail 路由组件接收参数

    import React, { Component } from "react";
    //npm install qs --save
    import qs from "qs";
    
    const detailData = [
      { id: "01", city: "江苏" },
      { id: "02", city: "安徽" },
      { id: "03", city: "上海" },
    ];
    export default Detail index extends Component {
      render() {
        // 接收 search  参数
        const { search } = this.props.location;
        const { id, title } = qs.parse(search.slice(1));
    
        const contentRes = detailData.find((detailObj) => {
          return detailObj.id === id;
        });
        return (
          <ul>
            <li>ID:{id}</li>
            <li>TITLE:{title}</li>
            <li>CITY:{contentRes.city}</li>
          </ul>
        );
      }
    }
    

三. state传参

  1. 路由链接(携带参数)

    <Link
      to={{
        pathname: "/home/detail",
        state: { id: "01", title: "城市1" },
      }}
    >
      {mesObj.title}
    </Link>
    
  2. 注册路由(参数无需声明,正常注册路由即可)

    <Route path="/home/detail/" component={Detail}></Route>
    
  3. 接收传递的参数

    const { id, title } = this.props.location.state || {};
    
  4. state 传参 案例

    Home 路由组件传递传参

    import React, { Component } from "react";
    import { Link, Route } from "react-router-dom";
    import Detail from "./Detail";
    export default class Home extends Component {
      state = {
        messageArr: [
          { id: "01", title: "城市1" },
          { id: "02", title: "城市2" },
          { id: "03", title: "城市3" },
        ],
      };
      render() {
        const { messageArr } = this.state;
        return (
          <div>
            <ul>
              {messageArr.map((mesObj) => {
                return (
                  <li key={mesObj.id}>
                    {/* 向路由组件传递 state 参数 */}
                    <Link
                      to={{
                        pathname: "/home/detail",
                        state: { id: mesObj.id, title: mesObj.title },
                      }}
                    >
                      {mesObj.title}
                    </Link>
                  </li>
                );
              })}
            </ul>
            <hr />
            {/* state 参数无需声明,正常注册路由即可 */}
            <Route path="/home/detail" component={Detail} />
          </div>
        );
      }
    }
    

    Detail 路由组件接收参数

    import React, { Component } from "react";
    const detailData = [
      { id: "01", city: "江苏" },
      { id: "02", city: "安徽" },
      { id: "03", city: "上海" },
    ];
    export default class Detail extends Component {
      render() {
        // 接收 state  参数
        const { id, title } = this.props.location.state || {};
        const contentRes = detailData.find((detailObj) => {
          return detailObj.id === id;
        });
        return (
          <ul>
            <li>ID:{id}</li>
            <li>TITLE:{title}</li>
            <li>CITY:{contentRes.city}</li>
          </ul>
        );
      }
    }
    
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