HTTPURLConnection-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/YiXingLing/article/details/79528955

本文详细介绍了HTTP请求的概念，包括客户端与服务器之间的交互原理。探讨了如何使用Java标准库中的HttpURLConnection类来实现GET和POST请求，提供了加载网页内容、图片及下载文件的具体示例。

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HTTPURLConnection

1.什么是Http请求

1.HTTP请求是客户端和服务器端之间，发送请求和返回应答的标准(TCP)。
2.客户端发出一个HTTP请求后，就与服务器建立起了TCP连接，服务端接收到请求并进行处理后返回给客户端响应数据。

2.什么是HTTPURLConnection

URLConnection是个抽象类，它有两个直接子类分别是HttpURLConnection和JarURLConnection。另外一个重要的类是URL，通常URL可以通过传给构造器一个String类型的参数来生成一个指向特定地址的URL实例。
每个HttpURLConnection 实例都可用于生成单个请求，但是其他实例可以透明地共享连接到 HTTP 服务器的基础网络。请求后在HttpURLConnection的InputStream或OutputStream上调用close()方法可以释放与此实例关联的网络资源，但对共享的持久连接没有任何影响。如果在调用 disconnect() 时持久连接空闲，则可能关闭基础套接字。

Android上发送HTTP请求的方式

HttpURLConnection: HttpURLConnection是java的标准指定网站发送GET请求、POST请求类，HttpURLConnection继承自URLConnection，可用于向指定网站发送GET请求、POST请求，HttpURLConnection在使用上相对简单，并且易于扩展，推荐使用。
Httpent: Androd SDK提供了Apache的HipCient，它是一个完善的客户端。它提供了对HTTP协议的全面支持，可以使用HttpClient的对象来执HTTP GET和HTTP POST调用。在android 6.0 (API 23)中，Google已经移验了Apache HttpClient相关的类，在此就不在讲述HttpClient的使用。

3.如何使用HTTPURLConnection

1.创建URL对象。
2.通过URL对象调用openCo nn ection()方法获得HttpU RLConnection对象。
3.HttpURLConnection对象设置其他连接属性。
4.HttpURLConnection对象调用getInputStream()方法向服务器发送http请求并获取到服务器返回的输入流。
5.读取输入流，转换成String字符串。
注意：
1.在Android中访问网络必须添加网络权限
2.在Android中访问网络必须放在子线程中执行

4.使用HTTPURLConnection获取Http请求

package com.example.pc.http;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Button getwebBtn;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);

        bindID();
        getwebBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        getWebInfo();
                    }

                }).start();
            }
        });
    }

    private void getWebInfo() {
        try {
            //1.找水源--创建URL
            URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com/");
            //2.开水闸--openconnection
            HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            //3.建管道--InputStream
            InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
            //4.建蓄水池蓄水--InputStreamReader
            InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"UTF-8");
            //5.水桶装水--BufferedReader
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);
            StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            String temp = null;
            while ((temp=bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
                stringBuffer.append(temp);
            }
            bufferedReader.close();
            reader.close();
            inputStream.close();
            Log.e("MAIN",stringBuffer.toString());
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void bindID() {
        getwebBtn = findViewById(R.id.bt);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.example.pc.http.Main2Activity">
<Button
    android:id="@+id/bt"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="100dp"
    android:text="点击"
    android:textSize="50sp"/>
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

使用HTTPURLConnection加载实例

package com.example.pc.http;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class Main3Activity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button loadBtn;
    private ImageView loadImg;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main3);

        bindID();

        loadBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                ImgLoadTask task = new ImgLoadTask(loadImg);
                task.execute("http://img31.mtime.cn/mg/2012/10/30/201631.37192876.jpg");
            }
        });
    }

    private void bindID() {
        loadBtn = findViewById(R.id.loadpic_btn);
        loadImg = findViewById(R.id.loadpic_img);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.pc.http.Main3Activity">
<Button
    android:id="@+id/loadpic_btn"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="100dp"
    android:text="点击按钮"
    android:textSize="50sp"/>
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/loadpic_img"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:scaleType="fitCenter"/>
</LinearLayout>

package com.example.pc.http;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.widget.ImageView;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * Created by pc on 2018/3/13.
 */

public class ImgLoadTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer,Bitmap> {
    private ImageView imageView;

    public ImgLoadTask(ImageView iv){
        this.imageView = iv;
    }
    @Override
    protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... strings) {
        //加载网络图片，最后获取到一个Bitmap对象，返回Bitmap对象
        Bitmap bm = null;
    try {
        URL url = new URL(strings[0]);
        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
        bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream);//把输入流转换成Bitmap类型对象
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
        return bm;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) {
        super.onPostExecute(bitmap);
        imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
    }
}

这里写图片描述

使用HTTPURLConnection下载实例

注意下载需要获取文件的读写权限

package com.example.pc.http;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * Created by pc on 2018/3/14.
 */

public class Download2Task extends AsyncTask<String,Integer,Integer> {

    private String dirPath;//下载图片的目录 例如/root/pic/
    private String filePath;//文件存储具体位置 例如/root/pic/a.jpg
    private Context context;
    private ImageView loadImg;

    public Download2Task(Context context,ImageView loadImg){
        this.context = context;
        this.loadImg = loadImg;
    }

    @Override
    protected Integer doInBackground(String... strings) {
        //判断目录是否存在，如果不存在就创建这个目录
        dirPath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/download_pics/";

        File dir = new File(dirPath);//目录对象
        if (!dir.exists()){
            dir.mkdir();
        }
        //判断文件是否存在如果不存在则创建文件
        String fileName = strings[1];//要储存的图片名字
        filePath = dirPath+strings[1];
        File file = new File(filePath);//创建文件对象
        if (file.exists()){
            return -1;
        }else {
            try {
                file.createNewFile();//不存在就创建这个文件
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        InputStream inputStream = null;
        OutputStream outputStream = null;

        try {
            URL url = new URL(strings[0]);
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            if (connection.getResponseCode()==200){
                //判断返回码是否正常，若正常创建输入流，否则就直接返回
                inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
            }else {
                return -2;
            }
            outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);

            int length = 0;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[4*1024];//缓冲区
            while ((length=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
                outputStream.write(buffer,0,length);
            }
            outputStream.close();
            inputStream.close();

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return 1;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Integer integer) {
        super.onPostExecute(integer);
        switch (integer){
            case 1:
                //正常下载
                Toast.makeText(context,"下载完成",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                Bitmap bm= BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath);
                loadImg.setImageBitmap(bm);
                break;
            case -1:
                //文件已存在
                Toast.makeText(context,"文件已存在",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case -2:
                //网络异常
                Toast.makeText(context,"网络异常",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
        }
    }
}

package com.example.pc.http;

import android.Manifest;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

import com.master.permissionhelper.PermissionHelper;

public class Main4Activity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button loadBtn;
    private ImageView loadImg;
    private String picUrl = "https://ss0.bdstatic.com/70cFuHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=617231263,187954695&fm=27&gp=0.jpg";
    private PermissionHelper permissionHelper;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main4);

        bindID();

        loadBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                permissionHelper = new PermissionHelper(Main4Activity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},100);
                permissionHelper.request(new PermissionHelper.PermissionCallback() {
                    @Override
                    public void onPermissionGranted() {
                        //获取到权限
                        Download2Task task =new Download2Task(Main4Activity.this,loadImg);
                        task.execute(picUrl,"0001.jpg");
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onIndividualPermissionGranted(String[] grantedPermission) {

                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onPermissionDenied() {

                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onPermissionDeniedBySystem() {

                    }
                });


            }
        });
    }

    private void bindID() {
        loadBtn = findViewById(R.id.dowenloadBtn);
        loadImg = findViewById(R.id.loadpic1_img);
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (permissionHelper!=null){
            permissionHelper.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.pc.http.Main4Activity">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/dowenloadBtn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="下载" />
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/loadpic1_img"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</LinearLayout>

这里写图片描述