Exception starting filter springSecurityFilterChain

1.出现问题    

    我在SSM项目中，想要加入SpringSecurity。导入SpringSecurity依赖以及配置了springSecurityFilterChain之后，启动项目，发现报如下错误：

提出了找不到这个bean的错误：

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'springSecurityFilterChain' available
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:687)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1209)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:284)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1086)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.initDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:327)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.initFilterBean(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:235)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.GenericFilterBean.init(GenericFilterBean.java:236)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:279)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:260)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:105)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4809)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5485)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:632)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1740)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:301)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:618)
    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:565)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:301)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
    at com.sun.jmx.remote.security.MBeanServerAccessController.invoke(MBeanServerAccessController.java:468)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1408)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:346)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

2.分析问题

（1） Web 组件加载顺序：Listener→Filter→Servlet
        Spring IOC 容器：ContextLoaderListener 创建
        SpringMVC IOC 容器：DispatcherServlet 创建
        springSecurityFilterChain：从IOC 容器中找到对应的bean

（2）ContextLoaderListener 初始化后，springSecurityFilterChain 就在ContextLoaderListener
创建的IOC 容器中查找所需要的bean，但是我们没有在ContextLoaderListener 的IOC 容
器中扫描SpringSecurity 的配置类，所以springSecurityFilterChain 对应的bean 找不到。

 认真看的同学可能已经了解了，我们现在就处于抛找不到bean的异常。

3.问题解决

3.1 方案一 更改源码

找到我们配置的SpringSecurity的Filter：

 在自己的项目中创建一个同包同名的文件夹及文件

 我们需要更改其中的initFilterBean()方法

@Override
protected void initFilterBean() throws ServletException {
    synchronized (this.delegateMonitor) {
        if (this.delegate == null) {
            // If no target bean name specified, use filter name.
            if (this.targetBeanName == null) {
                this.targetBeanName = getFilterName();
            }
            // Fetch Spring root application context and initialize the delegate early,
            // if possible. If the root application context will be started after this
            // filter proxy, we'll have to resort to lazy initialization.
            /*WebApplicationContext wac = findWebApplicationContext();
            if (wac != null) {
                this.delegate = initDelegate(wac);
            }*/
        }
    }
}

以及doFilter（）方法

@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

    // Lazily initialize the delegate if necessary.
    Filter delegateToUse = this.delegate;
    if (delegateToUse == null) {
        synchronized (this.delegateMonitor) {
            delegateToUse = this.delegate;
            if (delegateToUse == null) {

                // 把原来的查找IOC容器的代码注释掉
                //WebApplicationContext wac = findWebApplicationContext();

                // 按我们自己的需要重新编写
                // 1.获取ServletContext对象
                ServletContext sc = this.getServletContext();

                // 2.拼接SpringMVC将IOC容器存入ServletContext域的时候使用的属性名
                String servletName = "dispatcherServlet";

                String attrName = FrameworkServlet.SERVLET_CONTEXT_PREFIX + servletName;

                // 3.根据attrName从ServletContext域中获取IOC容器对象
                WebApplicationContext wac = (WebApplicationContext) sc.getAttribute(attrName);
                if (wac == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("No WebApplicationContext found: " +
                            "no ContextLoaderListener or DispatcherServlet registered?");
                }
                delegateToUse = initDelegate(wac);
            }
            this.delegate = delegateToUse;
        }
    }

    // Let the delegate perform the actual doFilter operation.
    invokeDelegate(delegateToUse, request, response, filterChain);
}

3.2 方案二：

         将ContextLoaderListener 取消，原本由ContextLoaderListener 读取的Spring 配置文
件交给DispatcherServlet 负责读取。

<!-- 配置ContextLoaderListener 来加载Spring 配置文件 -->
<!-- needed for ContextLoaderListener -->
<!-- <context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-main-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param> -->
<!-- Bootstraps the root web application context before servlet initialization -->
<!-- <listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener> -->

 <!-- 配置DispatcherServlet 来加载SpringMVC 配置文件 -->
<!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for
handling all application requests -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-web-mvc.xml,classpath:spring-persist-*.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<!-- <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> -->
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>*.json</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>