Matplotlib颜色

1. Matplotlib可识别颜色的单个颜色

1.1 RGB或者RGBA元组：RGBA即：Red、Green、Blue、Alpha

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl

mpl.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["SimHei"]  # 解决中文显示问题
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 解决负号无法显示问题

x = np.arange(0,4,1)

xlb = ["20-27岁",'28-32岁','33-37岁',"38-45岁"]
y = [44.0,42.9,36.5,28.1]

plt.bar(x,y,color=[(0.3,0.2,0.6,0.3),(0.8,0.5,0.9,0.3),(0.2,0.5,0.8,0.3),(0.5,0.7,0.1,0.3)])
plt.xticks(ticks=x,labels=xlb)

plt.show()

1.2 十六进制形式的RGB或者RGBA字符串

x = np.arange(0,4,1)
xlb = ["20-27岁",'28-32岁','33-37岁',"38-45岁"]
y = [44.0,42.9,36.5,28.1]

plt.bar(x,y,color='#8dd3c7')

1.3 0-1之间的浮点数字符串：灰度水平

plt.bar(x,y,color=['0.1','0.3','0.5','0.8'])

1.4 颜色字符串

plt.bar(x,y,color=['c','y','b','g'])

1.5 xkcd颜色

网站链接：https://xkcd.com/color/rgb/

plt.bar(x,y,color=['xkcd:aqua','xkcd:lilac','xkcd:peach','xkcd:chartreuse'])

1.6 Cn: 指定颜色的循环

共有10种颜色：[‘#1f77b4’, ‘#ff7f0e’, ‘#2ca02c’, ‘#d62728’, ‘#9467bd’, ‘#8c564b’, ‘#e377c2’, ‘#7f7f7f’, ‘#bcbd22’, ‘#17becf’]

x = np.arange(0,15,1)
y = np.random.randint(0,100,15)

cl=[]
for i in range(0,10):
    cl.append('C'+str(i))
print(cl)
plt.bar(x,y,color=cl)
plt.xticks(ticks=x,labels=x)

plt.show()

1.7 Tableau 10种颜色中的一种

‘tab:blue’, ‘tab:orange’, ‘tab:green’, ‘tab:red’, ‘tab:purple’, ‘tab:brown’, ‘tab:pink’, ‘tab:gray’, ‘tab:olive’, ‘tab:cyan’

x = np.arange(0,4,1)

xlb = ["20-27岁",'28-32岁','33-37岁',"38-45岁"]
y = [44.0,42.9,36.5,28.1]

plt.bar(x,y,color=['tab:blue', 'tab:orange', 'tab:green', 'tab:red'])
plt.xticks(ticks=x,labels=xlb)

2. 从色带中选择单个颜色

2.1 连续色带（sequential）

gd=np.arange(0,6)
kd=[53.6,63.9,64.5,68.1,72.3,73.5]

# 连续色带:sequential
clmp = mpl.colormaps['Oranges']
cl=clmp(np.linspace(0,1,len(kd)))

plt.bar(gd,kd,color=cl,alpha=0.5)
plt.xticks(ticks=gd,
           labels=["促进视力发育","生长发育问题","强健骨骼/促进骨骼发育",
                   "促进肠胃消化","免疫力问题","促进大脑发育"],fontsize=8)

plt.show()

2.2 离散色带（qualitative）

d271b31b7cc94b748af83baaa5418037.png)

# 离散色带：qualitative:有colors属性
clmp = mpl.colormaps['Accent'].colors
plt.bar(gd,kd,color=clmp,alpha=0.5)