### VB.NET DataGridView 单元格合并方法及示例代码
在 VB.NET 中实现 DataGridView 单元格合并,通常需要自定义绘制逻辑。以下是两种常用方法及完整示例代码:
---
#### **方法 1:通过 CellPainting 事件实现基础合并**
```vb.net
Public Class MergedDataGridView
Inherits DataGridView
Protected Overrides Sub OnCellPainting(e As DataGridViewCellPaintingEventArgs)
MyBase.OnCellPainting(e)
' 仅处理数据单元格
If e.RowIndex < 0 Or e.ColumnIndex < 0 Then Return
' 检查是否需要合并(示例:合并第1列连续相同值)
If e.ColumnIndex = 1 AndAlso ShouldMergeCells(e.RowIndex, e.ColumnIndex) Then
' 计算合并范围
Dim mergeCount As Integer = GetMergeRowCount(e.RowIndex, e.ColumnIndex)
' 跳过非首行单元格
If mergeCount > 0 AndAlso e.RowIndex > 0 Then
If Rows(e.RowIndex - 1).Cells(e.ColumnIndex).Value = Rows(e.RowIndex).Cells(e.ColumnIndex).Value Then
e.Handled = True
Return
End If
End If
' 绘制合并区域
Dim rect As Rectangle = GetCellDisplayRectangle(e.ColumnIndex, e.RowIndex, True)
rect.Height = mergeCount * Rows(e.RowIndex).Height
' 绘制背景
Using brush As New SolidBrush(Me.DefaultCellStyle.BackColor)
e.Graphics.FillRectangle(brush, rect)
End Using
' 绘制边框
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(Pens.Gray, rect)
' 绘制文本(居中)
Dim format As New StringFormat()
format.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center
format.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center
e.Graphics.DrawString(
e.FormattedValue.ToString(),
Me.Font,
Brushes.Black,
rect,
format
)
e.Handled = True
End If
End Sub
' 检查是否应合并单元格
Private Function ShouldMergeCells(rowIndex As Integer, colIndex As Integer) As Boolean
Return rowIndex > 0 AndAlso
Rows(rowIndex).Cells(colIndex).Value IsNot Nothing AndAlso
Rows(rowIndex).Cells(colIndex).Value.Equals(Rows(rowIndex - 1).Cells(colIndex).Value)
End Function
' 计算合并行数
Private Function GetMergeRowCount(startRow As Integer, colIndex As Integer) As Integer
Dim count As Integer = 1
Dim baseValue As Object = Rows(startRow).Cells(colIndex).Value
For i As Integer = startRow + 1 To RowCount - 1
If Rows(i).Cells(colIndex).Value.Equals(baseValue) Then
count += 1
Else
Exit For
End If
Next
Return count
End Function
End Class
```
**使用说明:**
1. 创建自定义控件 `MergedDataGridView` 替换原控件
2. 设置 `AllowUserToAddRows = False`
3. 填充数据时确保合并区域值连续
4. 通过 `ShouldMergeCells` 方法自定义合并条件
---
#### **方法 2:实现二维表头(含合并单元格)**
```vb.net
' 自定义表头绘制器
Public Class DoubleHeaderDataGridView
Inherits DataGridView
' 表头结构定义(示例:两层级)
Private headerStructure As New Dictionary(Of Integer, String()) From {
{0, {"主分类1", "主分类1", "主分类2"}},
{1, {"子类A", "子类B", "子类C"}}
}
Protected Overrides Sub OnPaint(e As PaintEventArgs)
MyBase.OnPaint(e)
' 绘制二维表头
DrawDoubleHeader(e.Graphics)
End Sub
Private Sub DrawDoubleHeader(g As Graphics)
' 表头高度设置
Dim headerHeight As Integer = ColumnHeadersHeight \ 2
' 绘制顶层表头
Dim startX As Integer = RowHeadersWidth
For col As Integer = 0 To Columns.Count - 1
If headerStructure.ContainsKey(0) AndAlso col < headerStructure(0).Length Then
Dim width As Integer = Columns(col).Width
Dim rect As New Rectangle(startX, 0, width, headerHeight)
' 合并相同表头
If col > 0 AndAlso headerStructure(0)(col) = headerStructure(0)(col - 1) Then
rect.X -= Columns(col - 1).Width
rect.Width += Columns(col - 1).Width
Else
g.FillRectangle(SystemBrushes.Control, rect)
ControlPaint.DrawBorder(g, rect, Color.Gray, ButtonBorderStyle.Solid)
TextRenderer.DrawText(
g,
headerStructure(0)(col),
Me.Font,
rect,
Color.Black,
TextFormatFlags.HorizontalCenter Or TextFormatFlags.VerticalCenter
)
End If
startX += width
End If
Next
' 绘制底层表头
startX = RowHeadersWidth
For col As Integer = 0 To Columns.Count - 1
If headerStructure.ContainsKey(1) AndAlso col < headerStructure(1).Length Then
Dim rect As New Rectangle(startX, headerHeight, Columns(col).Width, headerHeight)
g.FillRectangle(SystemBrushes.ControlLight, rect)
ControlPaint.DrawBorder(g, rect, Color.Gray, ButtonBorderStyle.Solid)
TextRenderer.DrawText(
g,
headerStructure(1)(col),
Me.Font,
rect,
Color.Black,
TextFormatFlags.HorizontalCenter Or TextFormatFlags.VerticalCenter
)
startX += Columns(col).Width
End If
Next
End Sub
End Class
```
---
#### **关键注意事项**
1. **性能优化**:
```vb.net
' 在数据加载时关闭绘制
Me.SuspendLayout()
' ...填充数据...
Me.ResumeLayout(True)
```
2. **合并单元格只读设置**:
```vb.net
' 设置整列只读
DataGridView1.Columns(1).ReadOnly = True
```
3. **边界处理**:
- 在 `OnCellPainting` 中检查边界条件
- 处理行/列隐藏时的索引越界问题
- 支持滚动区域重绘
4. **高级功能扩展**:
- 跨列合并:在 `GetMergeRowCount` 中添加列范围判断
- 动态合并:通过 `CellValueChanged` 事件触发重绘
- 选择高亮:重写 `OnSelectionChanged` 方法
> 提示:更复杂的合并场景(如不规则区域合并)建议使用第三方控件(如 DataGridView 扩展库)或参考专业资源。
---
### 相关问题
1. 如何实现 DataGridView 单元格合并后的编辑验证?
2. 合并单元格时如何保持排序功能正常?
3. DataGridView 二维表头如何实现点击事件?
4. 如何优化大数据量下的单元格合并性能?