DVWA系列File Upload

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本文深入解析文件上传漏洞，从低到高四个等级的代码分析，揭示服务器如何防范上传木马，获取webshell权限的风险。

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File Upload

File Upload，即文件上传漏洞，通常是由于对上传文件的类型、内容没有进行严格的过滤、检查，使得攻击者可以通过上传木马获取服务器的webshell权限，因此文件上传漏洞带来的危害常常是毁灭性的，Apache、Tomcat、Nginx等都曝出过文件上传漏洞。

对四种级别代码进行分析

low

服务器端核心代码

<?php 

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) { 
// Where are we going to be writing to? 
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/"; 
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] ); 

// Can we move the file to the upload folder? 
if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) { 
// No 
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>'; 
    } 
else { 
// Yes! 
        echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>"; 
    } 
} 

?>

basename(path,suffix)
函数返回路径中的文件名部分，如果可选参数suffix为空，则返回的文件名包含后缀名，反之不包含后缀名。可以看到，服务器对上传文件的类型、内容没有做任何的检查、过滤，存在明显的文件上传漏洞，生成上传路径后，服务器会检查是否上传成功并返回相应提示信息。

Medium

服务器端核心代码

<?php 

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) { 
// Where are we going to be writing to? 
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/"; 
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] ); 

// File information 
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ]; 
    $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ]; 
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ]; 

// Is it an image? 
if( ( $uploaded_type == "image/jpeg" || $uploaded_type == "image/png" ) && 
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) ) { 

// Can we move the file to the upload folder? 
if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) { 
// No 
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>'; 
        } 
else { 
// Yes! 
            echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>"; 
        } 
    } 
else { 
// Invalid file 
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>'; 
    } 
} 

?>

可以看到，Medium级别的代码对上传文件的类型、大小做了限制，要求文件类型必须是jpeg或者png，大小不能超过100000B（约为97.6KB）

High

服务器端核心代码

<?php 

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) { 
// Where are we going to be writing to? 
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/"; 
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] ); 

// File information 
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ]; 
    $uploaded_ext  = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1); 
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ]; 
    $uploaded_tmp  = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ]; 

// Is it an image? 
if( ( strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpg" || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpeg" || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "png" ) && 
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) && 
        getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) { 

// Can we move the file to the upload folder? 
if( !move_uploaded_file( $uploaded_tmp, $target_path ) ) { 
// No 
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>'; 
        } 
else { 
// Yes! 
            echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>"; 
        } 
    } 
else { 
// Invalid file 
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>'; 
    } 
} 

?>

strrpos(string,find,start)

函数返回字符串find在另一字符串string中最后一次出现的位置，如果没有找到字符串则返回false，可选参数start规定在何处开始搜索。

getimagesize(string filename)

函数会通过读取文件头，返回图片的长、宽等信息，如果没有相关的图片文件头，函数会报错。可以看到，High级别的代码读取文件名中最后一个”.”后的字符串，期望通过文件名来限制文件类型，因此要求上传文件名形式必需是”*.jpg”、”*.jpeg” 、”*.png”之一。同时，getimagesize() 函数更是限制了上传文件的文件头必须为图像类型。

Impossible

服务器端核心代码

<?php 

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) { 
// Check Anti-CSRF token 
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' ); 


// File information 
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ]; 
    $uploaded_ext  = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1); 
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ]; 
    $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ]; 
    $uploaded_tmp  = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ]; 

// Where are we going to be writing to? 
    $target_path   = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . 'hackable/uploads/'; 
//$target_file   = basename( $uploaded_name, '.' . $uploaded_ext ) . '-'; 
    $target_file   =  md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext; 


    $temp_file     = ( ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) == '' ) ? ( sys_get_temp_dir() ) : ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) ) ); 
    $temp_file    .= DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext; 

// Is it an image? 
if( ( strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpg' || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpeg' || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'png' ) && 
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) && 
        ( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' || $uploaded_type == 'image/png' ) && 
        getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) { 

// Strip any metadata, by re-encoding image (Note, using php-Imagick is recommended over php-GD) 
if( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' ) { 
            $img = imagecreatefromjpeg( $uploaded_tmp ); 
            imagejpeg( $img, $temp_file, 100); 
        } 
else { 
            $img = imagecreatefrompng( $uploaded_tmp ); 
            imagepng( $img, $temp_file, 9); 
        } 
        imagedestroy( $img ); 

// Can we move the file to the web root from the temp folder? 
if( rename( $temp_file, ( getcwd() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $target_path . $target_file ) ) ) { 
// Yes! 
            echo "<pre><a href='${target_path}${target_file}'>${target_file}</a> succesfully uploaded!</pre>"; 
        } 
else { 
// No 
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>'; 
        } 

        // Delete any temp files 
if( file_exists( $temp_file ) ) 
unlink( $temp_file ); 
    } 
else { 
// Invalid file 
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>'; 
    } 
} 

// Generate Anti-CSRF token 
generateSessionToken(); 

?>

ini_get(varname)

函数返回相应选项的值

imagecreatefromjpeg ( filename )

函数返回图片文件的图像标识，失败返回false

imagejpeg ( image , filename , quality)

从image图像以filename为文件名创建一个JPEG图像，可选参数quality，范围从0（最差质量，文件更小）到100（最佳质量，文件最大）。

imagedestroy( img )

函数销毁图像资源，可以看到，Impossible级别的代码对上传文件进行了重命名（为md5值，导致%00截断无法绕过过滤规则），加入Anti-CSRF token防护CSRF攻击，同时对文件的内容作了严格的检查，导致攻击者无法上传含有恶意脚本的文件。