python学习（基础补充）--字符串、列表、元组

# \ 转义引号
print "he isn't a boy!"   #return    he isn't a boy!
print 'he isn't a boy!'   #return    invalid syntax
print 'he isn\'t a boy!'  #return    he isn't a boy!

#字符拼接
print "hello, " + "world!"    #return     hello, world!

x = "hello, "
y = "world!"
print x + y                          #return    hello, world!

#字符串表示
print repr("he isn't a boy!")        #return  'he isn't a boy!'
print str("he isn't a boy!")         #return    he isn't a boy!

#input与raw_input比较
f = input("Enter the number: ")                #Enter the number: 2  或"hello"
print f					       #2  或hello

t = raw_input("Enter the number: ")            #Enter the number: 2  或"hello"
print t                                        #2  或"hello"


# """   """长字符串的表示    或者'''  '''
print """this is a
 very love
 string"""

#return 
#this is a
#very love
 #string"""
 
 #普通字符跨行
 print "this is a \
very love \
 string"
 #return this is very love string 
 
 #原始字符串 r'  '
 print r'c:\home\python\learning'     #return c:\home\python\learning
  
  #索引
  f = 'python'
  f[0]                                 #'p'
  f[-1}                                #'n'
  
  #分片
  numbers = range(10)
print numbers[3:6]                     #[]3, 4, 5]       
#步长取值  
 numbers[1:7:2]                        #[1, 3, 5]
 
 #同类型序列相加
 t = [1, 2, 3, 4]
f = [5, 6, 7, 8]
print t + f
print 'hello,' + 'world!'

#乘法
print 'python' * 5                  #pythonpythonpythonpythonpython
print [42] * 5                      #[42, 42, 42, 42, 42]

#检查成员是否在序列内
per = 'python'
print 'py' in per                    #True
print 'yp' in per                    #False

#长度、最大、最小值
num = [100, 23, 34, 56, 78]
print len(num)                                    #5
print max(num)                                    #100
print min(num)                                    #23

num = [100, 23, 34, 56, 78]
print list(num)                                  #[100, 23, 34, 56, 78]
print list('python is love')                     #['p', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n', ' ', 'i', 's', ' ', 'l', 'o', 'v', 'e']

#元素赋值
num = [100, 23, 34, 56, 78]
num[3] = 120
print num                                                                         # [100, 23, 34, 120, 78]
#元素删除
del num[0]
print num                                                                         #[23, 34, 120, 78]

#分片赋值
name = list('huang')
name[3:] = list('debin')
print name                                                                      #['h', 'u', 'a', 'd', 'e', 'b', 'i', 'n']
name[3:5] = [2, 3, 4]
print name                                                                       #['h', 'u', 'a', 2, 3, 4, 'b', 'i', 'n']
name[3:3] = [7, 8, 9]
print name                                                                       #['h', 'u', 'a', 7, 8, 9, 2, 3, 4, 'b', 'i', 'n']

#列表方法
#append 在列表末尾追加新的对象
num = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
num.append(6)
print num                                                                        #[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]   

#count 查找某元素在列表中出现的次数
num = [1, 2, 3, 3, 5]
print num.count(3)                                                          #2

#列表中一次性追加一个序列的多个值
num1 = [1, 2, 3, 3, 5]
num2 = [102, 100, 101, 99,88]
num1.extend(num2)
print num1                                                                       #[1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 102, 100, 101, 99, 88]

#从列表中找到第一个匹配项的索引位置
name = ['huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'pan', 'can', 'chen']
print name.index('pan')                                                     #5

#将对象插入到列表中
name = ['huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'pan', 'can', 'chen']
name.insert(5,'wen')                                                          
print name                                                        #['huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'wen', 'pan', 'can', 'chen']

#pop移除列表中的一个元素，并返回此元素
name = ['huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'pan', 'can', 'chen']
name.pop(5)                                                                         #pan
print name                                                                          #['huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'can', 'chen']

#移除列表中某一个值的第一个匹配项
name = ['huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'pan', 'can', 'chen']
name.remove('li')
print name                                                                        #['huang', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'pan', 'can', 'chen']

#反转列表
name = ['huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'pan', 'can', 'chen']
name.reverse()
print name                                                                         #['chen', 'can', 'pan', 'jiang', 'shun', 'dong', 'li', 'huang']

#列表元素排序
name = ['huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'pan', 'can', 'chen'] 
name.sort()
print name                                                                           #['can', 'chen', 'dong', 'huang', 'jiang', 'li', 'pan', 'shun']
num = [100, 23, 34, 120, 78]
num.sort() 
print num                                                                            #[23, 34, 78, 100, 120]

#cmp高级列表元素排序
name = ['huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'pan', 'can', 'chen'] 
name.sort(cmp)
print name                                                                           #['can', 'chen', 'dong', 'huang', 'jiang', 'li', 'pan', 'shun']
num = [100, 23, 34, 120, 78]
num.sort(cmp) 
print num                                                                            #[23, 34, 78, 100, 120]

#元组（）
name = ['huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'pan', 'can', 'chen']
print tuple(name)                                                                  #('huang', 'li', 'dong', 'shun', 'jiang', 'pan', 'can', 'chen')

num = [100, 23, 34, 120, 78]
print tuple(num)                                                                   #(100, 23, 34, 120, 78)