PAT甲级 1017 Queueing at Bank (25 分)

### 银行排队问题的Python实现 银行排队问题是典型的并行处理和任务分配场景，可以通过ZeroMQ框架中的Ventilator-Worker-Sink模型来解决[^1]。以下是基于该模型的一个简单Python实现： #### ZeroMQ Ventilator 实现 Ventilator负责生成任务并将它们发送给Workers。 ```python import zmq import time context = zmq.Context() # Socket to send tasks to workers sender = context.socket(zmq.PUSH) sender.bind("tcp://*:5557") print("Press Enter when the workers are ready...") _ = input() print("Sending tasks to workers...") # Send out tasks total_msec = 0 for task_nbr in range(100): workload = int((task_nbr * task_nbr) % 100 + 1) # Some random work load total_msec += workload sender.send_string(str(workload)) print(f"Total expected cost: {total_msec} msec") time.sleep(1) # Give 0MQ time to deliver ``` #### ZeroMQ Worker 实现 Worker接收来自Ventilator的任务并执行计算后将结果返回给Sink。 ```python import zmq import sys import time context = zmq.Context() # Socket to receive messages on receiver = context.socket(zmq.PULL) receiver.connect("tcp://localhost:5557") # Socket to send messages to sender = context.socket(zmq.PUSH) sender.connect("tcp://localhost:5558") while True: s = receiver.recv_string() print(f"Received request: {s}") # Do some 'work' time.sleep(int(s) / 10) # Send results to sink sender.send(b'') ``` #### ZeroMQ Sink 实现 Sink收集所有Worker的结果，并统计完成时间。 ```python import zmq import time context = zmq.Context() # Socket to collect worker responses receiver = context.socket(zmq.PULL) receiver.bind("tcp://*:5558") # Wait for start of batch s = receiver.recv() # Start our clock now tstart = time.time() # Process 100 confirmations for task_nbr in range(100): s = receiver.recv() if task_nbr % 10 == 0: sys.stdout.write(':') else: sys.stdout.write('.') sys.stdout.flush() # Calculate and report duration of batch tend = time.time() print(f"\nTotal elapsed time: {(tend-tstart)*1000} msec") ``` 上述代码展示了如何通过ZeroMQ构建一个简单的分布式任务管理系统[^2]。对于银行排队问题，可以将其视为多个客户作为任务被分配到不同的柜员（即Worker），而最终的结果由Sink汇总。 此外，在高并发环境下，还需要注意内存管理和I/O性能优化[^3]。建议使用缓存机制减少磁盘操作频率，并利用消息队列实现各模块间的异步通信。