单片机之从C语言基础到专家编程 - 4 C语言基础 - 4.6 基本数据类型转换

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符号属性	长度属性	基本型	所占位数	取值范围	输入符	输出符
--	--	char	8	-2^7~2^7-1	%c	%c,%d,%u
signed	--	char	8	-2^7~2^7-1	%c	%c,%d,%u
unsigned	--	char	8	0~2^8-1	%c	%c,%d,%u
signed	short	int	16	-2^15~2^15-1	%hd
unsigned	short	int	16	0~2^16-1	%hu,%ho,%hx
signed	--	int	32	-2^31~2^31-1	%hd
unsigned	--	int	32	0~2^32-1	%u,%o,%x
signed	long	int	32	-2^31~2^31-1	%ld
unsigned	long	int	32	0~2^32-1	%lu,%lo,%lx
signed	long long	int	64	-2^63~2^63-1	%l64d
unsigned	long long	int	64	0~2^64-1	%l64u,%l64o,%l64x
--	--	float	32	+/-3.40282e+038	%f,%e,%g
--	--	double	64	+/-1.79769e+308	%lf,%le,%lg,%f,%e,%g
--	long	double	64(Keil MDK),96	+/-1.79769e+308	%Lf,%Le,%Lg

类型转换，一共有两种形式，一种是自动转换，也叫作隐式转换；另一种是强制转换，也叫作显式转换。

自动转换

是编译根据代码上下文环境自行判断的结果。

强制转换

是程序员明确提出要进行的类型转换，用特定的代码格式去指定某一种类型的转换。

类型转换的规则，一般是由低级到高级转换，如下图所示。

基本数据转换代码实例：


#include <stdio.h>

#include "stm32f10x.h"

 

 

void printDataConvert(void)

{

    unsigned char a = 0xff;

   

    signed char b;

   

    float c;

   

    double d;

   

    int e;

    printf("unsigned char a is %c",a);  //unsigned char a is 0xFF

   

    //隐式将内存值为0xFF的unsigned char a转换为signed char b，其结果仍然为0xFF

    b = a;

    printf("signed char a is %c",b);      //signed char a is 0xFF

   

    //隐式将内存值为0xFF的signed char b转换为float c，其结果为-1，这是因为b的值虽然为0xFF，但由于它是有符号的char，经过补码反向运算表示成了-1，将有符号的char值-1转为浮点数仍为-1

    c = b;

    printf("float signed char b is %f",c);     //float signed char b is -1

     

    //隐式将内存值为0xFF的unsigned char a转换为float c，其结果为255,

    c = a;

    printf("float unsigned char a is %f",c); //float unsigned signed char a is 255

     

   

   

    d = c;

    printf("double unsigned char a is %lf",d); //double unsigned signed char a is 255

   

    d = -1;

     

   

    printf("double d is %lf",d);     //double d is -1

   

   

    c = d;

    printf("float double d is %f",c);     //float double d is -1 

   

   

    b = d;

    printf("signed char double d is %c",b);//signed char double d is 0xFF

   

    a = d;

    printf("unsigned char double d is %c",a);//unsigned char double d is 0x00

   

    e = d;

    printf("int double d is %d",e);//int double d is 0xFFFFFFFF

}

 





 

void printDataManualConvert(void)

{

     

      int a;

      int b;

      float c;

     

      a = 5;

      b = 2;

      c = a / b;

      printf("c is %f",c);            //c is 2;

     

     

      c = (float)a / b;

      printf("c is %f",c);            //c is 2.5;

}







int main(void)

{

    uint32_t syscount;

   

    SystemInit();

   

    printf("Hello World");

   

    syscount = 0;

      

    while (1)

    {

           printf("This is %d times of the cricle",syscount);

           printDataAutoConvert();        

           printDataManualConvert();

           syscount++;

    }

}