Homebrew是Mac OS的一款强大的包管理工具，简化了软件安装、卸载和维护的过程。通过简单的命令行操作，用户可以轻松管理各种软件包，如安装、卸载nodejs等。此外，文章还介绍了如何检查安装状态、查询可用包、更新Homebrew以及注意事项，特别提到了在新系统中处理权限问题的方法。
目录
#1 Homebrew是什么
Homebrew是一款Mac OS平台下的软件包管理工具，拥有安装、卸载、更新、查看、搜索等很多实用的功能。简单的一条指令，就可以实现包管理，而不用你关心各种依赖和文件路径的情况，十分方便快捷。
援引官方的一句话：又提示缺少套件啦？别担心，Homebrew 随时守候。Homebrew —— OS X 不可或缺的套件管理器。
#2 Homebrew安装
➜ ~ /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
==> This script will install:
/usr/local/bin/brew
/usr/local/share/doc/homebrew
/usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1
/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew
/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/brew
/usr/local/Homebrew
==> The following existing directories will be made group writable:
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/share
/usr/local/share/doc
/usr/local/share/man
/usr/local/share/man/man1
==> The following existing directories will have their owner set to mj:
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/share
/usr/local/share/doc
/usr/local/share/man
/usr/local/share/man/man1
==> The following existing directories will have their group set to admin:
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/include
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/share
/usr/local/share/doc
/usr/local/share/man
/usr/local/share/man/man1
==> The following new directories will be created:
/usr/local/etc
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/local/var
/usr/local/opt
/usr/local/share/zsh
/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions
/usr/local/var/homebrew
/usr/local/var/homebrew/linked
/usr/local/Cellar
/usr/local/Caskroom
/usr/local/Homebrew
/usr/local/Frameworks
Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod u+rwx /usr/local/bin /usr/local/include /usr/local/lib /usr/local/share /usr/local/share/doc /usr/local/share/man /usr/local/share/man/man1
Password:
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /usr/local/bin /usr/local/include /usr/local/lib /usr/local/share /usr/local/share/doc /usr/local/share/man /usr/local/share/man/man1
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown mj /usr/local/bin /usr/local/include /usr/local/lib /usr/local/share /usr/local/share/doc /usr/local/share/man /usr/local/share/man/man1
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/chgrp admin /usr/local/bin /usr/local/include /usr/local/lib /usr/local/share /usr/local/share/doc /usr/local/share/man /usr/local/share/man/man1
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir -p /usr/local/etc /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/var /usr/local/opt /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions /usr/local/var/homebrew /usr/local/var/homebrew/linked /usr/local/Cellar /usr/local/Caskroom /usr/local/Homebrew /usr/local/Frameworks
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /usr/local/etc /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/var /usr/local/opt /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions /usr/local/var/homebrew /usr/local/var/homebrew/linked /usr/local/Cellar /usr/local/Caskroom /usr/local/Homebrew /usr/local/Frameworks
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod 755 /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown mj /usr/local/etc /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/var /usr/local/opt /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions /usr/local/var/homebrew /usr/local/var/homebrew/linked /usr/local/Cellar /usr/local/Caskroom /usr/local/Homebrew /usr/local/Frameworks
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/chgrp admin /usr/local/etc /usr/local/sbin /usr/local/var /usr/local/opt /usr/local/share/zsh /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions /usr/local/var/homebrew /usr/local/var/homebrew/linked /usr/local/Cellar /usr/local/Caskroom /usr/local/Homebrew /usr/local/Frameworks
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir -p /Users/a1/Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /Users/a1/Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown mj /Users/a1/Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...
remote: Enumerating objects: 1, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (1/1), done.
remote: Total 125272 (delta 0), reused 1 (delta 0), pack-reused 125271
Receiving objects: 100% (125272/125272), 29.71 MiB | 34.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (91800/91800), done.
From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
* [new branch] master -> origin/master
* [new tag] 0.1 -> 0.1
* [new tag] 0.2 -> 0.2
* [new tag] 0.3 -> 0.3
* [new tag] 0.4 -> 0.4
* [new tag] 0.5 -> 0.5
* [new tag] 0.6 -> 0.6
* [new tag] 0.7 -> 0.7
* [new tag] 0.7.1 -> 0.7.1
* [new tag] 0.8 -> 0.8
* [new tag] 0.8.1 -> 0.8.1
* [new tag] 0.9 -> 0.9
* [new tag] 0.9.1 -> 0.9.1
* [new tag] 0.9.2 -> 0.9.2
* [new tag] 0.9.3 -> 0.9.3
* [new tag] 0.9.4 -> 0.9.4
* [new tag] 0.9.5 -> 0.9.5
* [new tag] 0.9.8 -> 0.9.8
* [new tag] 0.9.9 -> 0.9.9
* [new tag] 1.0.0 -> 1.0.0
* [new tag] 1.0.1 -> 1.0.1
* [new tag] 1.0.2 -> 1.0.2
* [new tag] 1.0.3 -> 1.0.3
* [new tag] 1.0.4 -> 1.0.4
* [new tag] 1.0.5 -> 1.0.5
* [new tag] 1.0.6 -> 1.0.6
* [new tag] 1.0.7 -> 1.0.7
* [new tag] 1.0.8 -> 1.0.8
* [new tag] 1.0.9 -> 1.0.9
* [new tag] 1.1.0 -> 1.1.0
* [new tag] 1.1.1 -> 1.1.1
* [new tag] 1.1.10 -> 1.1.10
* [new tag] 1.1.11 -> 1.1.11
* [new tag] 1.1.12 -> 1.1.12
* [new tag] 1.1.13 -> 1.1.13
* [new tag] 1.1.2 -> 1.1.2
* [new tag] 1.1.3 -> 1.1.3
* [new tag] 1.1.4 -> 1.1.4
* [new tag] 1.1.5 -> 1.1.5
* [new tag] 1.1.6 -> 1.1.6
* [new tag] 1.1.7 -> 1.1.7
* [new tag] 1.1.8 -> 1.1.8
* [new tag] 1.1.9 -> 1.1.9
* [new tag] 1.2.0 -> 1.2.0
* [new tag] 1.2.1 -> 1.2.1
* [new tag] 1.2.2 -> 1.2.2
* [new tag] 1.2.3 -> 1.2.3
* [new tag] 1.2.4 -> 1.2.4
* [new tag] 1.2.5 -> 1.2.5
* [new tag] 1.2.6 -> 1.2.6
* [new tag] 1.3.0 -> 1.3.0
* [new tag] 1.3.1 -> 1.3.1
* [new tag] 1.3.2 -> 1.3.2
* [new tag] 1.3.3 -> 1.3.3
* [new tag] 1.3.4 -> 1.3.4
* [new tag] 1.3.5 -> 1.3.5
* [new tag] 1.3.6 -> 1.3.6
* [new tag] 1.3.7 -> 1.3.7
* [new tag] 1.3.8 -> 1.3.8
* [new tag] 1.3.9 -> 1.3.9
* [new tag] 1.4.0 -> 1.4.0
* [new tag] 1.4.1 -> 1.4.1
* [new tag] 1.4.2 -> 1.4.2
* [new tag] 1.4.3 -> 1.4.3
* [new tag] 1.5.0 -> 1.5.0
* [new tag] 1.5.1 -> 1.5.1
* [new tag] 1.5.10 -> 1.5.10
* [new tag] 1.5.11 -> 1.5.11
* [new tag] 1.5.12 -> 1.5.12
* [new tag] 1.5.13 -> 1.5.13
* [new tag] 1.5.14 -> 1.5.14
* [new tag] 1.5.2 -> 1.5.2
* [new tag] 1.5.3 -> 1.5.3
* [new tag] 1.5.4 -> 1.5.4
* [new tag] 1.5.5 -> 1.5.5
* [new tag] 1.5.6 -> 1.5.6
* [new tag] 1.5.7 -> 1.5.7
* [new tag] 1.5.8 -> 1.5.8
* [new tag] 1.5.9 -> 1.5.9
* [new tag] 1.6.0 -> 1.6.0
* [new tag] 1.6.1 -> 1.6.1
* [new tag] 1.6.10 -> 1.6.10
* [new tag] 1.6.11 -> 1.6.11
* [new tag] 1.6.12 -> 1.6.12
* [new tag] 1.6.13 -> 1.6.13
* [new tag] 1.6.14 -> 1.6.14
* [new tag] 1.6.15 -> 1.6.15
* [new tag] 1.6.16 -> 1.6.16
* [new tag] 1.6.17 -> 1.6.17
* [new tag] 1.6.2 -> 1.6.2
* [new tag] 1.6.3 -> 1.6.3
* [new tag] 1.6.4 -> 1.6.4
* [new tag] 1.6.5 -> 1.6.5
* [new tag] 1.6.6 -> 1.6.6
* [new tag] 1.6.7 -> 1.6.7
* [new tag] 1.6.8 -> 1.6.8
* [new tag] 1.6.9 -> 1.6.9
* [new tag] 1.7.0 -> 1.7.0
* [new tag] 1.7.1 -> 1.7.1
* [new tag] 1.7.2 -> 1.7.2
* [new tag] 1.7.3 -> 1.7.3
* [new tag] 1.7.4 -> 1.7.4
* [new tag] 1.7.5 -> 1.7.5
* [new tag] 1.7.6 -> 1.7.6
* [new tag] 1.7.7 -> 1.7.7
* [new tag] 1.8.0 -> 1.8.0
* [new tag] 1.8.1 -> 1.8.1
* [new tag] 1.8.2 -> 1.8.2
* [new tag] 1.8.3 -> 1.8.3
* [new tag] 1.8.4 -> 1.8.4
* [new tag] 1.8.5 -> 1.8.5
* [new tag] 1.8.6 -> 1.8.6
* [new tag] 1.9.0 -> 1.9.0
* [new tag] 1.9.1 -> 1.9.1
* [new tag] 1.9.2 -> 1.9.2
* [new tag] 1.9.3 -> 1.9.3
* [new tag] 2.0.0 -> 2.0.0
* [new tag] 2.0.1 -> 2.0.1
* [new tag] 2.0.2 -> 2.0.2
* [new tag] 2.0.3 -> 2.0.3
* [new tag] 2.0.4 -> 2.0.4
* [new tag] 2.0.5 -> 2.0.5
* [new tag] 2.0.6 -> 2.0.6
* [new tag] 2.1.0 -> 2.1.0
* [new tag] 2.1.1 -> 2.1.1
* [new tag] 2.1.10 -> 2.1.10
* [new tag] 2.1.2 -> 2.1.2
* [new tag] 2.1.3 -> 2.1.3
* [new tag] 2.1.4 -> 2.1.4
* [new tag] 2.1.5 -> 2.1.5
* [new tag] 2.1.6 -> 2.1.6
* [new tag] 2.1.7 -> 2.1.7
* [new tag] 2.1.8 -> 2.1.8
* [new tag] 2.1.9 -> 2.1.9
HEAD is now at 9812693be Merge pull request #6369 from MikeMcQuaid/github-actions-doctor
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/Current/usr/bin/ruby: warning: unknown argument for --enable: `frozen-string-literal'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/Current/usr/bin/ruby: warning: unknown argument for --disable: `did_you_mean'
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles-portable-ruby/portable-ruby-2.3.7.mavericks.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring portable-ruby-2.3.7.mavericks.bottle.tar.gz
==> Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating:
https://github.com/Homebrew/brew#donations
==> Tapping homebrew/core
Cloning into '/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5040, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (5040/5040), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (4838/4838), done.
remote: Total 5040 (delta 49), reused 618 (delta 11), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (5040/5040), 4.03 MiB | 25.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (49/49), done.
Tapped 2 commands and 4828 formulae (5,082 files, 12.5MB).
Already up-to-date.
==> Installation successful!
==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate formulae and cask analytics.
Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
https://docs.brew.sh/Analytics
==> Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating:
https://github.com/Homebrew/brew#donations
==> Next steps:
- Run `brew help` to get started
- Further documentation:
https://docs.brew.sh#3 检查是否安装成功
➜ ~ brew
Example usage:
brew search [TEXT|/REGEX/]
brew info [FORMULA...]
brew install FORMULA...
brew update
brew upgrade [FORMULA...]
brew uninstall FORMULA...
brew list [FORMULA...]
Troubleshooting:
brew config
brew doctor
brew install --verbose --debug FORMULA
Contributing:
brew create [URL [--no-fetch]]
brew edit [FORMULA...]
Further help:
brew commands
brew help [COMMAND]
man brew
https://docs.brew.sh
➜ ~#4 Homebrew基本使用
安装任意包
➜ ~ brew install <packageName>示例：安装nodejs
➜ ~ brew install node卸载任意包
➜ ~ brew uninstall <packageName>示例：卸载nodejs
➜ ~ brew uninstall node查询可用包
➜ ~ brew search <packageName>示例：
➜ ~ brew search node
==> Formulae
leafnode llnode node-build node@8 nodebrew nodenv
libbitcoin-node node node@10 node_exporter nodeenv
➜ ~ brew search git
==> Formulae
bagit git-flow git-quick-stats git-tracker gitslave
bash-git-prompt git-flow-avh git-recent git-url-sub gitter-cli
cgit git-fresh git-remote-hg git-utils gitup
digitemp git-ftp git-review git-vendor gitversion
easy-git git-game git-secret git-when-merged lazygit
git git-gerrit git-secrets gitbucket legit
git-absorb git-hooks git-series giter8 libgit2
git-annex git-if git-sh gitfs libgit2-glib
git-appraise git-imerge git-sizer gitg modgit
git-archive-all git-integration git-ssh github-keygen moz-git-tools
git-cal git-lfs git-standup github-markdown-toc pygitup
git-cinnabar git-multipush git-subrepo github-release sagittarius-scheme
git-cola git-now git-svn-abandon gitlab-gem stgit
git-credential-manager git-number git-test gitlab-runner topgit
git-crypt git-octopus git-tf gitleaks ungit
git-extras git-open git-tig gitless willgit
git-fixup git-plus git-town gitmoji zsh-git-prompt
==> Casks
homebrew/cask/git-it查看已安装包列表
➜ ~ brew list查看任意包信息
➜ ~ brew info <packageName>更新Homebrew
➜ ~ brew update查看Homebrew版本
➜ ~ brew -vHomebrew帮助信息
➜ ~ brew -h#5 注意事项
在Mac OS X 10.11系统以后，/usr/local/等系统目录下的文件读写是需要系统root权限的，以往的Homebrew安装如果没有指定安装路径，会默认安装在这些需要系统root用户读写权限的目录下，导致有些指令需要添加sudo前缀来执行，比如升级Homebrew需要：
➜ ~ sudo brew update如果你不想每次都使用sudo指令，你有两种方法可以选择:
1. 对/usr/local 目录下的文件读写进行root用户授权
➜ ~ sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local示例：
➜ ~ sudo chown -R mj /usr/local2. 推荐方式：安装Homebrew时对安装路径进行指定，直接安装在不需要系统root用户授权就可以自由读写的目录下
<install path> -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
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