pip 安装 pynini 报错 cl: 命令行 error D8021 :无效的数值参数“/Wno-register”

原创于 2025-03-18 00:30:00 发布 · 1.5k 阅读

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报错内容如下:

Building wheels for collected packages: pynini
  Building wheel for pynini (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [49 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini
      copying pynini\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pywrapfst
      copying pywrapfst\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pywrapfst
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\examples\case.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\examples\chatspeak.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\examples\chatspeak_model.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\examples\dates.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\examples\g2p.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\examples\numbers.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\examples\plurals.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\examples\t9.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\examples\weather.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\examples\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\export
      copying pynini\export\export.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\export
      copying pynini\export\grm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\export
      copying pynini\export\grm_example.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\export
      copying pynini\export\multi_grm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\export
      copying pynini\export\multi_grm_example.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\export
      copying pynini\export\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\export
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\lib\byte.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\lib\edit_transducer.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\lib\features.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\lib\paradigms.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\lib\pynutil.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\lib\rewrite.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\lib\rule_cascade.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\lib\tagger.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\lib\utf8.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\lib\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      copying pynini\__init__.pyi -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini
      copying pynini\py.typed -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini
      copying pywrapfst\__init__.pyi -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pywrapfst
      copying pywrapfst\py.typed -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pywrapfst
      copying pynini\examples\py.typed -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\examples
      copying pynini\export\py.typed -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\export
      copying pynini\lib\py.typed -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-310\pynini\lib
      running build_ext
      building '_pywrapfst' extension
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release\extensions
      "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.43.34808\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IC:\ProgramData\anaconda3\envs\metahuman\include -IC:\ProgramData\anaconda3\envs\metahuman\Include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.43.34808\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\cppwinrt" /EHsc /Tpextensions/_pywrapfst.cpp /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release\extensions\_pywrapfst.obj -std=c++17 -Wno-register -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-unused-function -Wno-unused-local-typedefs -funsigned-char
      cl: 命令行 error D8021 :无效的数值参数“/Wno-register”
      error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.43.34808\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pynini
  Running setup.py clean for pynini
Failed to build pynini
ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (pynini)

从错误日志看，pynini 在编译时传递了 MSVC 编译器不支持的参数 -Wno-register。这是典型的 GCC 参数在 MSVC 环境不兼容导致的问题。以下是具体解决方案：

解决方案

1. 使用 Conda 安装预编译包（强烈推荐）

直接通过 Conda 安装 pynini 的预编译二进制包（无需本地编译）：

conda install -c conda-forge pynini

2. 修改编译参数（手动修复）

如果必须从源码安装，需删除 -Wno-register 参数：

找到 setup.py 所在位置：
- 如果已下载源码包，直接修改源码。
- 若通过 pip 安装，临时解压包路径通常在 C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xxxx\pynini_xxx。
编辑编译参数：
- 打开 setup.py 或相关编译配置文件（如 extensions/_pywrapfst.cpp 的构建配置）。
- 删除或注释包含 -Wno-register 的行。
重新安装：
```
pip install --no-cache-dir pynini
```

3. 降级 Python 版本

某些包尚未适配 Python 3.10 的编译工具链。尝试使用 Python 3.9：

conda create -n py39 python=3.9
conda activate py39
pip install pynini

4. 确保 MSVC 工具链正确配置

卸载现有 Visual Studio Build Tools。
重新安装时勾选：
- “使用 C++ 的桌面开发”
- “Windows 10/11 SDK”
- “MSVC v143 - VS 2022 C++ x64/x86 生成工具”（与 Python 架构匹配）。

错误原因分析

-Wno-register 是 GCC 的编译参数，用于忽略 register 关键字已弃用的警告，但 MSVC 不支持此参数。
pynini 的构建脚本未针对 Windows/MSVC 环境做兼容性处理，直接传递了 GCC 参数。

验证是否解决

python -c "import pynini; print(pynini.__version__)"

如果输出版本号，说明安装成功。

附加建议

如果项目依赖其他包（如 pyopenjtalk），同样优先使用 Conda 安装：
```
conda install -c conda-forge pyopenjtalk jieba_fast
```
遇到类似 cl.exe 参数错误时，均可通过 修改源码编译参数 或 使用预编译包 解决。