SpringBoot之web开发实例

本文详细介绍了SpringBoot进行Web开发的各个方面,包括访问首页、国际化处理、登录拦截器、页面公共部分抽取、文件上传、RESTful CRUD操作以及错误处理和Servlet容器配置。通过实例代码和配置解析,展示了SpringBoot如何实现这些功能,帮助开发者深入理解SpringBoot web开发的精髓。

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SpringBoot之web开发实例

一 访问首页

默认访问首页使用WebMVCConfigureAdapter来添加视图控制器代替controller中的访问方法
代码实现:

@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
   
    //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组件注册在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
   
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
   
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
   
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }
}

二 国际化

1 SpringMVC处理国际化步骤

(1)编写国际化配置文件
(2)使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件
(3)在页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容

2 SpringBoot处理国际化步骤

(1)编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化信息
在这里插入图片描述
(2)springBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件
追踪源码如下:

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
   
/**

*	Comma‐separated list of basenames (essentially a fully‐qualified classpath

*	location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for

*	slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as

*	"org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.

*/
	private String basename = "messages";

//**我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫messages.properties**;

	@Bean
	public MessageSource messageSource() {
   

		ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();

		if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
   

		//**设置国际化资源文件的基础名(去掉语言国家代码的)**

		messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));

	}

	if (this.encoding != null) {
   

		messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
	}

	messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);

	messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);

	messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);

	return messageSource;
}

(3)去页面获取国际化的值

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"  xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
	<head>
		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
		<meta name="description" content="">
		<meta name="author" content="">
		<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
		<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
		<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
		<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
		<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
	</head>
	<body class="text-center">
		<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html" th:action="@{/user/login}" method="post">
			<img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
			<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" **th:text="#{login.tip}"**>Please sign in</h1>
			<!--判断-->
			<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
			<label class="sr-only" **th:text="#{login.username}"**>Username</label>
			<input type="text"  name="username" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" **th:placeholder="#{login.username}"** required="" autofocus="">
			<label class="sr-only" **th:text="#{login.password}"**>Password</label>
			<input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
			<div class="checkbox mb-3">
				<label>
          			<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"/> [[#{
   login.remember}]]
        		</label>
			</div>
			<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
			<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
			<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
			<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='en_US')}">English</a>
		</form>
	</body>

</html>

SpringBoot实现国际化原理
主要是两个对象:Locale(区域信息对象)和LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象),默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化
追踪源码如下:

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
   
	if (this.mvcProperties.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
   
		return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
	}
	AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
	localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
	return localeResolver;

	}

(4)点击链接切换国际化
在登录页面的连接加参数

<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(**l='zh_CN')**}">中文</a>
			<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(**l='en_US'**)}">English</a>

代码实现:

/**
 * 可以在连接上携带区域信息
 */
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
   
    
    @Override
    public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
   
        String l = request.getParameter("l");
        Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
   
            String[] split = l.split("_");
            locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
        }
        return locale;
    }

    @Override
    public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {
   

    }
}
//在MyMVCConfig配置类中将写的MyLocaleResolver加入容器中
 @Bean
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
   

        return new MyLocaleResolver();
    }

页面截图如下:
在这里插入图片描述

三 登录拦截器

1 登录错误信息显示

页面修改实时生效小技巧:
在配置文件中禁用thymeleaf的缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
页面修改完后Ctrl+F9重新编译页面
登录错误信息页面显示代码:

<--加判断条件进行错误信息显示-->
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
2 登录拦截器检查

(1)登录拦截器定义

/**
 * 登陆检查,
 */
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
   
    //目标方法执行之前
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
   
        Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
        if(user == null){
   
            //未登陆,返回登陆页面
            request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
            return false;
        }else{
   
            //已登陆,放行请求
            return true;
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
   

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
   

    }
}

(2)注册定义的登录拦截器

@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
   
    //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组件注册在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
   
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
   
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
   
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }

            //注册拦截器
            @Override
            public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
   
                //super.addInterceptors(registry);
                //静态资源;  *.css , *.js
                //SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源映射
                registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**") .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
            }
        };
        return adapter;
    }

    @Bean
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
   

        return new MyLocaleResolver();
    }

}

四 页面公共部分抽取(thymeleaf)

1 抽取公共页面

抽取页面的头部、尾部和导航栏的公共部分代码
(1)实现方法:

1、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
	&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>
2、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
引入两种方式:
	(1~{
   templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器
	(2~{
   templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名
3、默认效果:
(1)insert的公共片段在div标签中
(2)如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{
   }:
(3)行内写法可以加上:[[~{
   }]];[(~{
   })]

(2)三种引入公共片段的th属性区别
① th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中
② th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段
③ th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中

<footer th:fragment="copy">
	&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
 
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>

<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>

效果
insert:
<div>
	
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